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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Cardiovascular System: Heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is visceral layer of the pericardium in relation to the Heart

A

adheres to the Heart

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2
Q

Where is the parietal layer in relation to the Heart

A

fused to the fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

The muscles of the Heart, where is the epicarium

A

the outer layer of the heart - attached to visceral layer

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4
Q

the muscles of the heart, where is the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle middle layer

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5
Q

pericardial fluid

A

the serous pericardium is Filled with pericardial fluid - reduces friction during beat.

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6
Q

the muscles of the heart, where is the endocardium

A

lines inside of myocardium innermost layer of the Heart wall

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7
Q

What are the upper two chambers of the Heart called

A

Atria

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8
Q

What are the lower two chambers of the Heart called

A

ventricles

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9
Q

Which chamber of the Heart is the thinnest

A

Atria the thinest

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10
Q

Superior & inferior Vena Cavae What do they do

A

Delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium from body

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11
Q

From the Right Atrium, list the flow of blood all the way through the system

A

Right Atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries -> Lung capillary beds -> Pulmonary vein -> Left Atrium -> Bicuspid valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic valve -> Aorta and systemic arteries -> capillary beds -> Either superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava or coronary sinus -> Right Atrium

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12
Q

Which Artery pumps de-oxigenated blood from the Heart

A

pulmonary artery

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13
Q

Which vein pumps oxygenated blood to the Heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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14
Q

Structurally what is distinctive between the Right and left ventricles

A

Left is larger because it pumps blood further - has resistance of the system to work against

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15
Q

can you live with atrial fibrulation

A

yes

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16
Q

can you live with ventricular fibrulation

A

no

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17
Q

What are valves designed for

A

to prevent back flow

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18
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

Between atria and ventricles

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19
Q

tricuspid valve - Where

A

Between Right Atria and ventricle

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20
Q

bicuspid or mitral valve

A

Between Left Atria and ventricle

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21
Q

Where would one find the semi-lunar valves

A

Semi-lunar valves near origin of aorta & pulmonary trunk leaving ventricles off to lungs or system

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22
Q

What are the names of the semilunar valves

A

Aortic & pulmonary valves respectively

23
Q

How does blood flow to the myocardium

A

coronary circulation

24
Q

Where does the deoxigenated blood from the coronary circulation come back into the system

A

empties into the right atrium

25
Q

When would we see the Bicuspid valve contract?

A

when we have ventricular contraction Purkinje fibers

26
Q

Where does the origin of the action potential of the Heart begin?

A

SA node sinoatrial node

27
Q

What is the route within the heart of the action potential

A

Normally begins at sinoatrial (SA) node -> Atria & atria contract -> AV node - slows -> AV bundle (Bundle of His) -> bundle branches R&L -> Purkinje fibers -> apex and up- then ventricles contract

28
Q

What is an EKG or ECG

A

Recording of currents from cardiac conduction on skin = electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

29
Q

P wave

A

P wave = atrial depolarization Contraction begins right after peak Re-polarization is masked in QRS

30
Q

QRS complex

A

QRS complex = Ventricular depolarization Contraction of ventricle

31
Q

T-wave

A

T-wave = ventricular re-polarization Just after ventricles relax

32
Q

Where is the bottleneck controlling the action potential from Artial to Ventricular

A

AV node or Bundle of His

33
Q

which one is faster? SA node or AV node

A

SA node - it is faster therefore runs the heart

34
Q

ECG - where does the atrial contraction occur

A

P until Q

35
Q

ECG - where does ventricular contraction happen

A

Q, R, S, T

36
Q

ECG when does atrial depolarization happen

A

during the P wave,

37
Q

ECG when does ventricular depolarization happen

A

during QRS complex, contraction of ventricle

38
Q

ECG When is ventricular repolarization

A

During the T wave when ventricles relax

39
Q

ECG When is re-polarization of Atria happening

A

During QRS

40
Q

What happens after the T wave

A

ventricular diastole Ventricular pressure drops below atrial & AV valves open -> ventricular filling occurs

41
Q

What happens after the P wave

A

atrial systole Finishes filling ventricle (`25%)

42
Q

What happens after the QRS Wave

A

ventricular systole Pressure pushes AV valves closed Pushes semilunar valves open and ejection occurs Ejection until ventricle relaxes enough for arterial pressure to close semilunar valves

43
Q

What is Stroke Volume

A

the amount of Blood ejected by the left ventricle during each beat

44
Q

How can one increase the stroke volume

A
  • Increase diastolic volume increases strenght of contraction
  • increased venous return increase sympathetic activity
45
Q

What will decrease the stroke volume

A

high back pressure in the artery

46
Q

Which area of the brain effects the pacemaker

A

Cardiovascular center in Medulla

47
Q

Which hormone of the parasympathetic system will slow the HR

A

ACh via vegas nerve

48
Q

Which hormone of the sympathetic system will increase the HR

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

49
Q

Which sensory receptors are influencing the control on our HR

A

baroreceptors (aortic arch & carotid sinus) - B.P. Chemoreceptors - O2, CO2, pH

50
Q

Na+ _____________ H.R. & contraction force

A

Increased

51
Q

K+ ___________ H.R. & contraction force

A

decrease

52
Q

What does Ca2+ do to HR and contraction force

A

Increased Ca2+ increases H.R. & contraction force

53
Q

Purpose of the coronary sinus

A

deoxygenated blood collected by the coronary sinus empties into the right atrium

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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