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Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum and bones of the vertebral column are part of what division of the skeleton

A

Axial

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2
Q

List the 5 types of shapes of bones:

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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3
Q

What type of bone has greater length than width and slightly curved for strength

A

Long Bones

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4
Q

What type of bone are the phalanges?

A

long bones

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5
Q

What type of bone is cube shaped and nearly equal in lenght and width?

an example…

A

Short bones

Example: carpal & tarsal

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6
Q

What type of bone shape is the sternum concidered?

A

flat bone

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7
Q

What kind of bone has compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue?

Example

A

flat bones

cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae

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8
Q

What type of shape bones are hip bones concidered?

A

irregular

as well, vertebrae, some facial bones, calcaneus

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9
Q

What are sesamoid bones and where do we find them?

A
  • Protect tendons from excessive wear and tear
  • Reside within the tendon
  • Patellae, foot, hand
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10
Q

What are sutural bones?

A

Small bones located in sutures of cranial bones

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11
Q

What are the 2 major types of surface markings?

A
  1. Depressions and openings
  2. Processes
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12
Q

Fissure

A

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass

Ie Superior orbital fissure of the phenoid bone

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13
Q

Foramen

A

Opening through which blood vessels nerves, or ligaments pass

Is optic foramen of the sphenoid bone

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14
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression

ie coronoid fossa of the humerus

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15
Q

Sulcus

A

furrow along a bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

ie. intertubuclual suculus of the humerus

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16
Q

Meatus

A

tubelike opening

ie. ecternal auditory meatus of the temporal bone

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17
Q

Condyle

A

Large, round protuberance at the end of a bone

ie. lateral condyle of the femur

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18
Q

Facet

A

smooth flat articular surface

ie - superior artivular cacet of a vertebra

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19
Q

Process that froms a joint: head

A

rounded articular projection supported on the neck of a bone

ie the head of the femur

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20
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ridge or elongated projection

ie - Iliac crest of the hip bone

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21
Q

Epicondyle

A

Projection above a condyle

ie medial epicondyle of the femur

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22
Q

Line

A

long, narrow ride or border

ie linea aspera of the femur

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23
Q

Spinous process

A

sharp, slender projection

ie spineous process of the vertebra

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24
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large projection

ie - greater tubercle of the humerus

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25
Q

Tubercle

A

small rounded projection

ie - greater tubercle of the humerus

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26
Q

tuberosity

A

large, rounded, usually roughened projection

is Isitual tuberosity of the hip bone

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27
Q

List the 8 cranial bones

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Right parietal
  3. Left Parietal
  4. Right temporal
  5. left temporal
  6. Occipital bone
  7. sphenoid bone
  8. ethmoid bone
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28
Q

List the 14 facial bones which form the face

A

Paired nasal bones, paired maxillae, paired zygomatic bones, the mandible, paired lacrimal bones, paired palatine bones, paired inferior nasal conchae and vomer

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29
Q

what kind of joints fuse most of the skull bones together?

A

Sutures

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30
Q

Which bone forms the forehead?

A

Frontal Bone

31
Q

Parietal bones

A

Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

32
Q

Which bone is butterfly shape that lies at the middle part of the base of the skull

A

Sphenoid bone

33
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits

  • A major superior supporting structure of the nasal cavity
  • Contain thin projections called conchae which are lined by mucous membranes
  • Increased surface area in the nasal cavity helps to humidify inhaled air trapping inhaled particles
34
Q

Which facial bone forms the bridge of the nose?

A

Nasal bone

35
Q

what is the name of the bone which forms the upperjawbone

A

Maxillae

36
Q

Name the bone of the cheekbone

A

Zygomatic

37
Q

Which bone froms a portion of the midial wall of each orbit?

A

Lacrimal

38
Q

Which bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate?

A

palatine

39
Q

Where would one find the inferior nasal conchae

A

it forms a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity

40
Q

Where would one find the Vomer?

A

it forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

41
Q

Name the lower jawbone

A

mandable

42
Q

What is the only movable skull bone

A

mandible

43
Q

When one breaks their nose, what bone is broken

A

the nasal septum

44
Q

Which bone divides the interior of the neasal cavity into right and left sides

A

nasal septum

45
Q

What is a foramina?

A

Openings for blood vessels, nerves or ligaments of the skull

46
Q

What are three unique featrues of the skull?

A

Sutures, Paranasal sinuses and Fontanels

47
Q

What is an immovable joint that holds most skull bones together

A

Sutures

48
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A
  • Cavities within cranial and facial bones near the nasal cavity
  • Secretions produced by the mucous membranes which line the sinuses, drain into the nasal cavity
  • Serve as resonating chambers that intensify and prolong sounds
  • Lighten the skull
49
Q

Fontanels

A
  • Areas of unossified (unhardened) tissue
  • At birth, unossified tissue spaces, commonly called “soft spots” link the cranial bones
  • Later replaced with bone to become sutures
  • Provide flexibility to the fetal skull, allowing the skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal
50
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

Hyoid

51
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral column?

A
  • Protect the spinal cord
  • Support the head
  • Serve as an attachment point for the ribs, pelvic girdle, and muscles
52
Q

scoliosis

A

excessive curve laterally

53
Q

Kyphosis

A

excessive conves curve

54
Q

lordosis

A

excessive concave

55
Q

How many vertebrae in the cervical spine

A

7

56
Q

How many vertebrae in thoracic spine

A

12

57
Q

How many vertebrae in the lumbar

A

5

58
Q

How many fused cacral verebrae is the sacrum composed of

A

5

59
Q

q1 coccyx consists of __ fused coccygeal vertebrae

A

4

60
Q

what are the functions of the intervertebral discs

A
  • Form strong joints
  • Permit movement of the vertebral column
  • Absorb vertical shock
61
Q

What does a vetebrae typically consist of?

A
  • A Body (weight bearing)
  • A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord)
  • Several processes (points of attachment for muscles)
62
Q

Which region of the vertebra have a bifid spinous process?

A

cervical region

63
Q

Which region of the vertebra articulate with the ribs?

A

Thoracic

64
Q

Which region of the vertebra is the largest, as is most weight bearing?

A

Lumbar

65
Q

Which region of the vertebra provide for the attachement of the large back muscles?

A

Lumbar

66
Q

The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the union of_____________

A

five sacral vertebrae (S1–S5)

67
Q

AT what age does the sacrum begin to fuse?

A

Begins at 16-18

complete by 30

68
Q

The coccyx is formed by the fusion of usually _____coccygeal vertebrae

A

4

69
Q

At what age range does the coccyx begin to fuse?

A

20-30

70
Q

What physically makes up the thoracic cage?

A
  • Sternum (breastbone)
  • Ribs
  • Costal cartilages
  • Thoracic vertebrae
71
Q

How many true ribs are there?

A

7

72
Q

How many false ribs are there?

A

Rib 8 to Rib 10 = 3

73
Q

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

A

Ribs 11 & 12

Anatomy & Physiology - Kuntzman (28 decks)

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