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ANP402 > 3 Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

3 Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

region of trunk btwn diaphragm + pelvic inlet/brim

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2
Q

posterior border of abdomen

A

lumbar vertebrae/discs
12th ribs
upper body pelvis w/ psoas y quadratus lumborum muscles

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3
Q

anterior border of abdomen

A

lower thoracic wall
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis

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4
Q

subdivisions of abdominal wall

A

anterior
posterior
anterolateral
left lateral (flank)

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5
Q

anteroleateral abdominal wall bounded by

A

7th - 10th costal cartilages
xiphoid process
inguinal ligament
pelvic girdle

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6
Q

anteroleateral abdominal wall contains

A 
skin
superficial fascia (hypodermis)
muscles/aponeuorsis (deep fascia)
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum

**Smiles Stay Fake Mainly to Entertain Foreign Pricks Passing by

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7
Q

fascial linings

A

superficial fascia
deep fascia
endoabdominal (transversalis) fasic

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8
Q

superficial fascia

A 
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
- fatty and membranous layers
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9
Q

deep fascia

A

dense connective tissue that covers the abdomen

- separates the 3 muscles layers

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10
Q

endoabdominal (transversalis) fascia found between

A

(1) extraperitineal fat
(2) parietal peritneum
(3) transversalus abdominis muscle

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11
Q

endoabdominal (transversalis) fascia facts

A
  • name changes according to structures it overlies (diaphragmatic, pelvic, etc)
  • loose areolar tissue
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12
Q

endoabdominal (transversalis) fascia contains

A

(1) blood vessels
(2) lymphatic structures

**no nerves

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13
Q

anterior abdominal wall muscles

A 
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
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14
Q

external abdominal oblique

A

**anterior abdominal wall muscle

O: external surface of ribs 5 – 12
I: linea alba +pubic tubercle + anterior iliac crest
A: compress y support abdominal viscera + flex y rotate trunk
N: thoracoabdominal nerves
subcostal nerve

\ //

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15
Q

internal abdominal oblique

A

**anterior abdominal wall muscle

O: thoracolumbar fascia + anterior iliac crest + inguinal ligament
I: inferior border of lower ribs 10 – 12 + linea alba
A: compress y support abdominal viscera + flex/rotate trunk
N: thoracoabdominal nerves + L1 – L2

// \

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16
Q

transversus abdominis

A

**anterior abdominal wall muscle

O: inferior surface of costal cartilages 7 – 12
iliac rest
inguinal ligament
I: aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique
lina alba
A: compress & support abdominal viscera
N: thoracoabdominal nerves + L1 – L2

= =

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17
Q

rectus abdominis

A

**anterior abdominal wall muscle

O: pubic crest + symphysis
I: xiphoid process + costal cartilages 5 – 7
A: flex trunk compress + abdominal viscera + stabilize tilt of the pelvis
N: thoracoabdominal nerves

only muscle that flex/rotates trunk b/c it runs obliquely

(aka) antilordosis muscle

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18
Q

clinical application of abdominal muscles

A

(infants) abdominal muscles not as developed, therefore they have round, pudgy bellies

(preggo) abdominal muscles separate
- lordosis causes back problems

19
Q

pyramidalis

A

**anterior abdominal wall muscle

O: pubic crest
I: linea alba
A: draw down on linea alba (aid in expiration)
N: thoracoabdominal nerves

absent in 20% of population
located inside rectus sheath

20
Q

joint action EAO + IAO + TA + RA

A

antagonizes diaphragm
- helps w/ forced expiration

left rotation uses right EAO + left IAO

21
Q

clinical application of pyramidalis

A

pyramidalis = surgical landmark to determine midline and linea alba
- esp. in C-sections

22
Q

rectus sheath

A

woven aponeuroses from EAO, IAO, TA

  • contains V.A.N.
  • relations differ depending upon if above or below arcuate line
23
Q

arcuate line

A

collection of fascia that is very strong and thick where fascia is suddenly in front of the abdominal muscles

24
Q

innervation of anterolateral walls

A

I: ventral rami (T7 - L1)

travels between IAO + TA
supplies skin, abdominal wall, and peritoneum

25
Q

L1 nerves

A

illiohypogastric nerve

ilioinguinal nerve

26
Q

inguinal region

A

region that extends from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle
- includes inguinal ligament y inguinal canal

27
Q

inguinal ligament

A

inferiormost part of external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

- equivalent of retinacula

28
Q

retinacula

A

band of connective tissue that covers tendon

29
Q

inguinal canal

A

parallel and superior to medial 1/2 inguinal ligament

- pathway = oblique (rings do not overlap)

30
Q

inguinal canal contains

A

spermatic cord (males)
round ligament (females) - only connective tissue for filter
blood y lymph vessels
ilioinguinal nerve

31
Q

development of inguinal canal

A

when testes descend, they pass between EAO and IAO into scrotum where cremaster muscle is formed

  • cremaster muscle derived from IAO
  • grabs muscles from IAO to make cremaster muscle of scrotum
32
Q

rings found in inguinal canal

A

deep (internal) inguinal ring

superficial (external) inguinal ring

33
Q

deep (internal) inguinal ring

A

ENTRANCE to canal

- outpocketing of transversalis fascia

34
Q

superficial (external) inguinal ring

A

EXIT to canal

- split in aponeurosis of EAO

35
Q

structural weakness of inguinal area

A

increased intra-abdominal pressure forces deep (internal) wall of inguinal canal against superficial (external) wall of inguinal canal

  • contractions strengthen wall
  • muscle weakness leads to inguinal hernia
36
Q

inguinal hernia

A

abdominal viscera protrudes through abdominal wall

90% = protrusion of parietal peritoneum and abdominal viscera thru a normal or abnormal opening

37
Q

types of inguinal hernias

A

acquired (direct) inguinal hernia

congenital (indirect) inguinal hernia

38
Q

acquired (direct) inguinal hernia

A

enters directly thru abdominal wall (medial to inferior epigastric vessels)

  • cause: deep (internal) abdominal wall weakness
  • enters canal mid-path and runs PARALLEL to spermatic cord

**more common in males

NEXT TO CANAL

39
Q

congenital (indirect) inguinal hernia

A

enters deep ring (lateral to inferior epigastric vessels) and exits superficial ring

  • crosses whole canal within spermatic cord
  • affects males and females equally

**most common (2/3)

DIRECTLY THROUGH CANAL

40
Q

parts of the posterior abdominal wall

A 
L1-L5 vertebrae
Muscles: psoas, iliacus, quadratus lumborum
diaphragm (superior part of wall)
thoracolumbar fascia`
fat, nerves, vessels
41
Q

quadratus lumorum

A

**posterior abdominal wall muscle

SA: 12th rib lumbar transverse processes
IA: internal iliac crest
A: flex trunk + laterally fix 12th rib during respiration
N: T12 + L1 – L4

arcuate ligaments of diaphragm cross in front of anterior surface of quadratus lumborum

42
Q

abdominal dermatome T7

A

tip of xiphoid process

43
Q

abdominal dermatome T10

A

umbilicus

44
Q

abdominal dermatome L1

A

inguinal ligaments + pubic symphysis

ANP402 (19 decks)

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