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ANP402 > 4 UE Osseous Anatomy > Flashcards

4 UE Osseous Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper extremity + lower extremity

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2
Q

upper extremity

A

pectoral girdle + upper limb

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3
Q

lower extremity

A

pelvic girdle + lower limb

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4
Q

upper extremity

A

pectoral girdle
arm
forearm
hand

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5
Q

pectoral girdle made up of:

A

scapula
clavicle
manubrium

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6
Q

arm made up of:

A

humerus

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7
Q

forearm made up of:

A

radius

ulna

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8
Q

hand made up of:

A

carpals (wrists)
metacarpals
phalanges

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9
Q

clavicle FCN

A

(1) strut - a movable crane-like support that keeps scapula/shoulder away from thorax so that arm can move freely
(2) protection VAN
(3) force transmission (UE to axial)

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10
Q

clincial app: CLAVICLE

A
  • most commonly fractured bone
  • 1st bone to ossify (5th-6th week in utero)
  • last to close (epiphyses)
  • no clavicle = arms pulled medially due to strength of pectoral
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11
Q

clavicle

A

bone that connects sternum to shoulder

**aka collar bone

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12
Q

features of the clavicle

A 
sternal end
acromial end
sternal facet
acromial facet
shaft (2)
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13
Q

sternal end (clavicle)

A

the blunt/think end

  • palpable
  • sternal facet
  • flat end
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14
Q

acromial end (clavicle)

A

flattened end

- acromial facet

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15
Q

superior shaft (clavicle)

A

smooth side of clavicle

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16
Q

inferior shaft (clavicle)

A

rough side of clavicle

- many grooves + ridges for muscle attachments y arteries/veins

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17
Q

clavicle articulations

A

acromioclavicular joint

sternoclavicular joint

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18
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

plane joint (gliding/sliding)

  • coracoclavicular ligament
  • acromioclavicular ligament
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19
Q

coracoclavicular ligament made up of:

A 
trapezoid ligament (lateral)
conoid ligament (inverted cone)
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20
Q

sternoclavicular joint made up of:

A

sternoclavicular ligament
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament

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21
Q

sternoclavicular ligament

A

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

posterior sternoclavicular ligament

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22
Q

scapula

A

connects humerus w/ clavicle
- highly mobile base from which upper limb moves freely

**aka shoulder blade

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23
Q

clinical application SCAPULA

A

winged scapula

acromium process fracture

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24
Q

winged scapula

A

scapula not fixed to thoracic wall very well

  • caused by injury to long thoracic nerve, which innervates serratus anterior
  • leads to decreased motion
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25
Q

acromium process fracture

A

most common fracture point in scapula

- absorbs force from clavicle

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26
Q

scapula borders

A

superior border
medial border
lateral border

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27
Q

scapula angles

A

superior angle
lateral angle
inferior angle

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28
Q

scapula processes

A

acromion process

coracoid process

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29
Q

scapula fossae

A

subscapular fossa
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa

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30
Q

other scapula features

A

spine

glenoid cavity

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31
Q

scapula articulations

A

acromioclavicular joint

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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32
Q

humerus

A

(arm) largest bone in upper limb

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33
Q

humerus features

A 
head
tubercles (2)
neck (2)
shaft (2 features)
epicondyles (2)
trochlea + capitulum
fossae (2)
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34
Q

humerus tubercles

A

greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
*intertubercular (bicipital) groove

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35
Q

greater tubercle

A

towards posterior side of humerus

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36
Q

intertubercular groove

A

found in btwn greater tubercle + lesser tuercle
- for long head of biceps brachii insertion

**aka bicipital sulcus

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37
Q

lesser tubercle

A

towards anterior side of humerus

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38
Q

anatomical neck (humerus)

A

visible from posterior side

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39
Q

surgical neck (humerus)

A

below tubercles

  • visible from anterior side
  • common fracture site
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40
Q

special features of the humerus shaft

A

deltoid tuberosity

radial groove

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41
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

little bulge on medial humerus where deltoid attaches

42
Q

radial groove

A

groove on posterior side of humerus

  • for radial artery + brachial artery
  • below triceps
43
Q

types of epicondyles (humerus)

A

medial epicondyle

lateral epicondyle

44
Q

medial epicondyle

A

bulge on medial side of humerus, near radius/ulna

- makes groove for ulnar nerve

45
Q

lateral epicondyle

A

bulge on lateral side of humerus, near radius/ulna

- makes groove for ulnar nerve

46
Q

trochlea

A

articulates w/ radial

47
Q

capitulum

A

articulates w/ ulna

48
Q

coronoid fossa

A

small depression on anterior side of humerus near radial/ulna articulation
- near trochlea

49
Q

olecranon fossa

A

larger depression on back side of humerus where olecranon sits

50
Q

humerus articulations

A

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
elbow (humeroradial) joint
elbow (humeroulnar) joint

51
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

joint for humeral head + glenoid cavity

52
Q

elbow (humeroradial) joint

A

joint for humerus + radius

- radial collateral ligament

53
Q

radial collateral ligament

A

ligament that holds humerus to radius

  • fibers blend w/ anular ligament
  • lateral
54
Q

elbow (humeroulnar) joint

A

joint for humerus + ulna

  • ulnar collateral ligament
  • medial
55
Q

nerve of posterior surgical neck

A

axial nerve

56
Q

nerve of radial groove (posterior)

A

radial nerve

  • in between musculocutaneus nerve + ulnar nerve
  • becomes median nerve
57
Q

nerve of mid-humerus (anterior)

A

median nerve

musculocutaneus nerve

58
Q

nerve of posterior medial epicondyle

A

ulnar nerve

59
Q

ulna

A

(forearm) medial / pinky bone of forearm
- longer than radius
- stabilizes forearm

60
Q

ulna features

A

olecranon
coronoid process
shaft
head

61
Q

olecranon

A

widest part of ulna

  • elbow joint
  • trochlear notch
62
Q

coronoid process

A

radial notch

**front of “C”

63
Q

features of the ulna shaft

A

ulnar tuberosity

64
Q

ulnar tuberosity

A

brachialis insertion for flexion

65
Q

ulna head

A

distal end (end near the wrist)

  • most narrow part of ulna
  • ulnar styloid process
66
Q

ulnar styloid process

A

the bump nearest the pinky-side of the wrist

67
Q

ulna articulations

A

elbow joint
radioulnar joint

**does not directly articulate w/ carpals due to fibrocartilage articular disc

68
Q

fibrocartilage articular disc

A

located between ulna and carpals

**aka triangular ligament

69
Q

radius

A

(forearm) lateral bone of forearm
- lines up w/ thumb
- shorter than ulna

70
Q

clinical application: RADIUS

A

colles fracture

71
Q

colles fracture

A

complete transverse fracture of distal radius (near wrist)

  • dorsal displacement of wrist
  • esp. during winter time
  • more common in older women (+50 years) due to weaker bones
  • most common fracture of forearm

**causes wrist/hand to look like a fork when normal

72
Q

features of the radius

A

head
neck
shaft

smooth on distal end (wrist)
rough/rigid on ventral end (elbow)

73
Q

radius head

A

the narrow part of the radius, nearest the elbow

74
Q

radial tuberosity

A

medial eminence of the radius

- location of biceps brachii tendon insertion

75
Q

radial shaft

A

enlarged distally

  • ulnar notch
  • radial styloid process
76
Q

ulnar notch

A

part of the radius that touches the ulna

77
Q

radial styloid process

A

bump on thumb-side (lateral) of the wrist

78
Q

interosseous membrane (IOM)

A

fibers connecting the radius + ulna

  • essential during force transmission
  • points toward pinky

\ //

79
Q

radius articulations (5)

A 
elbow joint
proximal radioulnar joint 
middle radioulnar joint
distal radioulnar joint
radiocarpal (wrist) joint
80
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

pivot joint near the elbow

- held by anular ligament

81
Q

middle radioulnar joint

A

interosseus membrane

- syndesmoses

82
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

pivot joint

  • held by dorsal radioulnar ligament + palmar radioulnar ligament
  • articular disc (triangular ligament)

**relatively weak compared to radiocarpal joints

83
Q

radiocarpal (wrist) joint

A

condyloid joint

  • 2 radiocarpal ligaments
  • 2 collateral ligaments
84
Q

radiocarpal ligaments

A

holds radiocarpal ligaments together in order for hand to move w/ radius during rotation (supination/pronation)

  • dorsal radiocarpal ligament
  • palmar radiocarpal ligament
85
Q

collateral ligaments

A

(radiocarpal/wrist joint)

radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament

**on the outside

86
Q

carpals

A

(hand) 8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows of 4
- give flexibility to wrist
- joined by complex array of ligaments named by bones connected (intercarpal ligaments)

**start @ proximal wrist crease (crease furthest from wrist)

87
Q

intercarpal ligament

A

ligaments joining carpal bones

88
Q

(carpal bones) proximal row

A

(lateral to medial)

scaphoid (radial)
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform (pinky)

**how do you spell slut? S-L-T-P… um, no

**Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

89
Q

pisiform

A

carpal bone in proximal row
- moleded to triquetrum

**pinky

90
Q

(carpal bones) distal row

A

(lateral to medial)

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

**Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

91
Q

hamate

A

located on pinky side

- has hook

92
Q

clinical application: CARPAL BONES

A

scaphoid fracture

hamate fracture

93
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

most commonly fractured

  • pain on lateral side
  • poor blood supply = 3 months of healing/recovery
94
Q

hamate fracture

A

nonunion fracture common

  • hook breaks off
  • only treated if causes pain (pushes against ulnar nerve)
  • leads to decreased grip
95
Q

metacarpals

A

(hand) bones in the palm
- numbered 1-5
- thumb = #1
- miniature long bones w/ 3 parts
- severely closely bound ligaments

96
Q

features of the metacarpals

A

base (wrist)
shaft
head (phalanx)

97
Q

deep transverse metacarpal ligament

A

ligament that hold 2nd 5th metacarpals heads juntos

98
Q

phalanges

A

(hand) miniature long bones
- 14 total (3 in each phalanx, except thumb which has 2)
- smallest = terminal phalanx on each digit

99
Q

terminal phalanx

A

smallest phalanx

  • dorsally flattened (nail bed)
  • mimics nail
100
Q

clinical application: PHALANGES

A

most phalanges fractures = result of crushing of distal OR hyperextenstion of middle proximal

101
Q

features of phalanges

A

base (near palm)
shaft
head (tips of fingers)

102
Q

naming of phalanges

A

distal (fingertips)
middle
proximal (closest to palm)

ANP402 (19 decks)

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