Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANP402 > 5 LE Thigh + Knee > Flashcards

5 LE Thigh + Knee Flashcards

1
Q

fascial layers of the thigh (femur)

A

superficial fascia

deep fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

superficial fascia of the thigh

A

subcutaneous (deep to skin)

- contains loose CT, fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial vessesls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

important veins in superficial fascia

A

great saphenous vein

small saphenous vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

great saphenous vein

A

longest vein found in body (thigh)

  • superficial fascia
  • commonly used for heart bypass surgery (acts like an artery)
  • common site for long term IV
  • common site for varicose veins
  • inner thigh/calf

medial malleolus to femoral vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

small saphenous vein

A

lateral malleolus to popliteal vein

  • superficial fascia
  • posterior “calf” vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

deep fascia of the thigh

A

“fascia lata”

- wraps thigh like strong elastic stocking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FCN deep fascia

A

(1) increase effectiveness of venous pump
(2) compartmentalize muscles
(3) prevent excessive bulging of the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

specializations of deep fascia

A

iliotibial tract (IT band)

saphenous opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

iliotibial tract (IT band)

A

thickening of longitudinal fascial fibers on lateral thigh

  • from iliac tubercle to lateral condyle femur
  • shared aponeurosis of tensor fascia lata + gluetus maximus

(specializations of deep fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

saphenous opening

A

gap in fascia lata inferior to inguinal ligament

specializations of deep fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

saphenous opening = passage for

A

(1) great saphenous vein

(2) lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thigh muscle compartments

A 
anterior group (6)
medial group (5)
posterior group (3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anterior thigh muscles

A 
(quadriceps femoris) 
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

sartorius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GENERAL A/N anterior thigh muscles

A

A: extend leg @ knee (not sartorius)
N: femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rectus femoris

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: AIIS + ilium above acetebaulum
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee + flex thigh @ hip
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

kicking a soccer ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vastus lateralis

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: greater trochanter + lateral linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

vastus medialis

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: intertrochanteric line + medial linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vastus intermedius

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: anterior / lateral shaft of femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sartorius

A

anterior thigh muscle

O: ASIS
I: superior medial tibia
A: flex + abduct + laterally rotate thigh @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2 – L3)

tailor’s muscles (crossed-leg in sitting position)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

medial thigh muscles

A

(medial femoral group)
gracilis
pectineus

(adductor group)
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GENERAL A/N medial thigh muscles

A

A: adduct thigh
N: obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gracilis

A

medial thigh muscle (medial femoral group)

O: inferior pubic ramus
I: superior medial tibia
A: adduct thigh @ hip
N: obturator nerve (L2 – L3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pectineus

A

medial thigh muscle (medial femoral group)

O: superior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line of femur
A: adduct + flex thigh
N: obturator + femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adductor longus

A

medial thigh muscle (adductor group)

O: body of pubis
I: medial linea aspera
A: adduct thigh
N: obturator nerve (L3 – L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

adductor brevis

A

medial thigh muscle (adductor group)

O: inferior pubic ramus
I: medial linea aspera
A: adduct thigh
N: obturator nerve (L3 – L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

adductor magnus

A

medial thigh muscle (adductor group)

O: inferior pubic ramus
ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera
adductor tubercle of femur
A: (adductor portion) adduct + slight flexion of thigh AND (hamstring portion) extend thigh
N: (adductor portion) obturator nerve (L3 – L4)
AND (hamstring portion) tibial nerve (L3 – L4)

two separate parts, twisted fibers, GROIN PULL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

groin pull

A

injury to adductor magnus b/c tendinous fibers are twisted, thus easily strained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

posterior thigh muscles

A

(hamstrings)
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

GENERAL A/N posterior thigh muscles

A

A: extend thigh + flex leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

semimembranosus

A

posterior thigh muscle (hamstring)

O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior medial condyle tibia
A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex/medially rotate leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

semitendinosus

A

posterior thigh muscle (hamstring)

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibia
A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex/medially rotate leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

32
Q

short head of biceps femoris

A

posterior thigh muscle (hamstring)

O: lateral + inferior linea aspera
I: lateral head of fibula
A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex + laterally rotate leg @ knee
N: common fibular nerve (L5, S1 – S2)

33
Q

long head of biceps femoris

A

posterior thigh muscle (hamstring)

O: ischial tuberosity
I: lateral head of fibula
A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex + laterally rotate leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S3)

34
Q

knee

A

(hinge synovial joint)

largest + most superficial joint
- most stable position = erect/extended

35
Q

knee movements (3)

A

(1) flexion
(2) extension [locked knee]
(3) rotation [only when flexed]

36
Q

knee articulations

A

femorotibial (lateral/medial)

femoropatellar

37
Q

knee joint stability dependent upon:

A

(1) strength/actions of surrounding muscles/tendons [primarily quadriceps femoris]
(2) ligaments connecting femur and tibia

38
Q

quadriceps femoris FACT

A

most thigh/knee injuries due to this muscle group

- preventable w/ appropriate condition of quads

39
Q

articular capsule

A

(joint/fibrous capsule)

thin, outer layer
- synovial membrane

40
Q

major ligament groups of articular capsule

A

extracapsular (outside capsule)

intra-articular

41
Q

extracapsular ligaments

A

patellar ligament

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament [FCL]

tibial (medial) collateral ligament [TCL]

42
Q

patellar ligament

A

distal quadriceps tendon

43
Q

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament [FCL]

A

strong + cord-like
- separated from lateral meniscus by popliteus tendon

lateral epicondyle to lateral fibular head

44
Q

tibial (medial) collateral ligament [TCL]

A

strong + flat

  • weaker than FCL
  • medial fibers attached to medial meniscus

medial epicondyle to medial tibia

most injuries to medial ligaments

45
Q

collateral ligaments FACT

A

taut when knee extended

  • increase stability when standing
  • prevent rotation when flexed
46
Q

intra-articular ligaments

A

(cruciate ligaments)
anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]
posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]

(menisci)
coronary ligaments
transverse ligaments

47
Q

cruciate ligament

A

maintain contact btwn femur + tibia

ACL + PCL

48
Q

anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]

A

poor blood supply

  • taut when knee extended (prevents hyperextension >180˚)
  • weaker than PCL
49
Q

ATTACHMENTS anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]

A

anterior intercondylar area of tibia

extends superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally to attach to medial side of lateral condyle of femur

50
Q

when knee flexed @ right angle, ACL

A

(1) limits medial rotation
(2) stops anterior movement of tibia
(3) increase lateral rotation

51
Q

posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]

A

stronger than ACL

- taut when knee flexed (prevents hyperflexion)

52
Q

ATTACHMENTS posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]

A

posterior intercondylar area of tibia, extends superiorly and anteriorly to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

53
Q

when knee flexed @ right angle, PCL does the following:

A

(1) weight-bearing
(2) major stabilizer when flexed [ie. walking downhill]
(3) limits medial rotation
(4) prevents posterior movement

54
Q

posterior drawer sign

A

(flexed knee) tibia slides into the femur joint

55
Q

anterior drawer sign

A

(flexed knee) tibia slides out of femur joint

56
Q

menisci

A

crescents of fibrocartilage

  • thicker @ external margins
  • taper internally

**rims around knee

57
Q

menisci FCN

A

(1) deepen articular surface [prevent rocking/side-to-side motion of femur]
(2) shock absorption

58
Q

ligaments of the menisci

A

coronary ligaments

transverse ligaments

59
Q

coronary ligaments

A

spans menisci to tibial condyle

60
Q

transverse ligament

A

(knee) joins menisci on anterior edge

61
Q

types of menisci

A

medial meniscus

lateral meniscus

62
Q

medial meniscus

A

“C” shaped

  • more firmly anchored to tibia [intercondylar areas]
  • attachement to tibial collateral ligament
63
Q

lateral meniscus

A

smaller + circular

  • more movable [no fibular collateral ligament attachment]
  • popliteus tendon separates from fibular collateral ligament
  • joined to PCL + femur by posterior meniscofemoral ligament
64
Q

posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

joins lateral meniscus to femur + PCL

65
Q

bursae of knee joint

A

fluid-filled sacs

66
Q

types of bursae in knee

A

suprapatellar
prepatellar
infrapatellar

~12

67
Q

bursae FCN

A

(1) shock absorption

(2) keeps tendons in correct orientation [slides easily]

68
Q

movements of the knee joint

A

flexion
extension
rotation (2)

69
Q

flexion of the knee

A

mainly via HAMSTRING

- limited by contact btwn leg/thigh

70
Q

extension of knee

A

mainly via QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

- movement limited by cruciate + collateral ligaments

71
Q

medial rotation of knee

A

only possible when knee flexed

popliteus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
- movement checked by cruciate + collateral ligaments

72
Q

lateral rotation of knee

A

biceps femoris

- movement checked by collateral ligaments

73
Q

“unhapppy triad”

A

common knee injuries to:

(1) MCL
(2) medial meniscus
(3) ACL

74
Q

Q-angle

A

femur (diagonal) + tibia (vertical) = angle @ knee btwn long axes of bones
- places middle of knee joint directly inferior to head of femur [centers weight-bearing line in the knee]

75
Q

genu varum

A

“bowlegged”
decreased Q-angle
- line of weight-bearing medial to center of knee
- puts stress on medial cartilages + FCL

children 1st learning to walk (1-2 years)

Geenou’s legs

76
Q

genu valgum

A

“knock-kneed”
increased Q-angle
- line of weight-bearing lateral to center of knee
- puts stress on lateral cartilages + TCL

children (2-4 yrs)

**Zeng’s legs)

ANP402 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions