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ANP402 > 4 UE Arm + Forearm > Flashcards

4 UE Arm + Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

axilla

A

(armpit) inferior to shoulder joint

- superior to axillary fascia @ juction of arm y thorax

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2
Q

apex boundary of axilla

A

middle 1/3 of clavicle (cervico-axillary canal)

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3
Q

base boundary of axilla

A

axillary fascia

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4
Q

anterior wall boundary of axilla

A

pectoralis muscles (major + minor)

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5
Q

posterior wall boundary of axilla

A

subscapularis
teres major
latissimus dorsie (anterior scapulae)

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6
Q

medial wall boundary of axilla

A

serratus anterior (ribs)

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7
Q

lateral wall boundary of axilla

A

biceps brachii

coracobrachialis (humerus)

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8
Q

cervico-axillary canal

A

passage between neck + axilla for VAN

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9
Q

contents of axilla

A

portions of biceps brachii + coracobrachialis muscles

- breast tissue (females)

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10
Q

nerves of the axilla

A

(1) cords + branches of brachial plexus
(2) pectoral nerve
(3) subscapular nerve
(4) long thoracic nerve

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11
Q

blood vessels of the axilla

A

axillary vein

axillary artery

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12
Q

axillary vein

A

drains axilla

  • large
  • exposed
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13
Q

axillary artery

A

supplies axilla

- palpable against lateral wall (medial wall of arm)

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14
Q

clinical application: AXILLA

A

ticklish = somatic reflexes to protect nerves

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15
Q

axillary lymph nodes

A

apical nodes receive lymphatic flow from other axillary nodes

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16
Q

clinical application: AXILLARY NODES

A

plays essential role in cancer spreading

- receive lymphatic flow from other axillary nodes

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17
Q

compartments of the arm

A

anterior compartment

posterior compartment

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18
Q

anterior compartment of the arm

A

3 flexors supplied by musculocutaneus nerve

front - flexors (M)

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19
Q

flexors of anterior compartment in the arm

A

(1) coracobrachialis
(2) biceps brachii
(3) brachialis

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20
Q

posterior compartment of the arm

A

1 extensor supplied by radial nerve
- triceps brachii

back = extend (R)

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21
Q

synergist

A

muscles that help the prime movers

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22
Q

antagonist

A

muscles that work against synergist + prime mover

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23
Q

coracobrachialis

A

anterior arm compartment

O: coracoid process of scapula
I: medial humerus
A: flex & stabilize arm + weak addution of arm
N: musculocutaneous (C6 – C7)

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24
Q

biceps brachii

A

anterior arm compartment

O: long head (lateral): supraglenoid tubercle of scapula + short head (medial): coracoid process of scapula
I: radial tuberosity + bicipital aponeurosis
A: 1˚ supinator & flexes forearm
N: musculocutaneous (C5 – C6)

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25
Q

brachialis

A

anterior arm compartment

O: anterior & distal ½ humerus
I: coronoid process + tuberosity of ulna
A: flex forearm (1˚ flexor)
N: musculocutaneous (C5 – C6)

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26
Q

triceps brachii

A

posterior arm compartment

O: (long head) infraglenoid tubercle of scapula + (lateral head) upper posterior humerus + (medial head) lower posterior humerus
I: olecranon
A: extend forearm + (long head) aids adduction if arm is abducted
N: radial nerve (C6 – C8)

*most commonly injured nerve since extremely peripheral

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27
Q

elbow articulations

A

humerus + ulna

humerus + radius

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28
Q

elbow arthrology

A

hinge synovial

  • movement: flexion + extension
  • carrying angle: 170˚

**most power at an angle in anatomical position rather than straight

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29
Q

carrying angle

A

angle where elbow sits in anatomical position

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30
Q

elbow ligaments (3)

A

ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament
anterior ligament of radius

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31
Q

clinical application: ELBOW

A

student’s elbow

ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

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32
Q

student’s elbow

A

bursitis/inflammation of subcutaneous bursa (olecranon bursa)

  • very superficial
  • easier to agitate
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33
Q

ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction

A

“Tommy John surgery”

  • named after the 1st baseball player who had the surgery
  • surgery to reconstruct ulnar collateral ligament
  • common in athletes who throw
  • caused by repetitive stress on elbow tendons
  • use palmaris long use tendon for replacing ulnar collateral ligament
  • long recovery
  • causes tingling sensation of funny bone
34
Q

palmaris longus tendon

A

tendon located on palmar side of wrist

  • absent in 15-20% of population
  • used for grafting/replacing ulnar collateral ligament
35
Q

forearm

A

area from elbow to wrist

- includes radius + ulna + interosseus membrane (IOM)

36
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

head of radius w/ radial notch of ulna

  • pivot synovial
  • anular ligament secures head of radius
37
Q

muscles that pronate radioulnar joint

A 
pronator teres (proximal)
pronator quadratus (distal / by wrist)
38
Q

muscle that supinate radioulnar joint

A

supinator

39
Q

subluxation of radial head

A

complete dislocation of radial head

  • may slide back into socket
  • occurs mostly in children

**parents swinging child by arms (may be fun but could be dangerous)

40
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

head of ulna w/ ulnar notch of radius

  • pivot synovial
  • triangular ligament (articular disc)
41
Q

ligaments of the distral radioulnar joint

A

dorsal radioulnar ligament

palmar radioulnar ligament

42
Q

triangular ligament

A

“articular disc”

radius (broad end) w/ styloid process of ulna

43
Q

interosseus membrane FCN

A

(1) connects radius + ulna

(2) separates anterior / posterior compartments

44
Q

anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

A 
superficial group (5)
deep group (3)
45
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

(1) covers tendon like a bracelet to keep muscles down

(2) prevent bulging

46
Q

superficial group of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

A 
pronator teres
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis

**flexors

47
Q

superficial group muscles of forearm

A

anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

pronator teres
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
48
Q

2nd layer of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

49
Q

2nd layer of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

50
Q

pronator teres

A

superficial group (1st layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: (humeral head) medial epicondyle humerus + common flexor tendon
(ulnar head) coronoid process of ulna
I: lateral radius
A: pronate & flex forearm
N: median nerve (C6 – C7)
51
Q

palmaris longus

A

superficial group (1st layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: medial epicondyle humerus + common flexor tendon
I: flexor retinaculum 
palmar aponeurosis
A: flex hand @ wrist
N: median nerve (C6 – C7)
  • *absent in 14% of population
  • *tendon = superficial to flexor retinaculum
52
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

superficial group (1st layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: medial epicondyle humerus + common flexor tendon
I: base of metacarpals #2 - 3
A: flex hand @ wrist + synergistic abduction w/ extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
N: median nerve (C6 – C7)

**flex wrist radial side

53
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

superficial group (1st layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: (humeral head) medial epicondyle humerus + common flexor tendon
(ulnar head) olecranon & shaft ulna
I: pisiform + hook of hamate + base of metacarpal #5
A: flex hand @ wrist + synergistic adduction w/ extensor carpi ulnaris
N: ulnar (C8 – T1)

**flex wrist ulnar side

54
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

superficial group (2nd layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: (humeroulnar head) medial epicondyle humerus + common flexor tendon + coronoid process of ulna
I: 4 tendons divide into 2 slips each, insert onto middle phalanges digits #2 – 5
A: flex middle phalanges #2 – 5
N: median nerve (C7 – C8, T1)

  • *largest superficial
  • *4 tendons pass deep to flexor retinaculum thru carpal tunnel
55
Q

deep group of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

**does not cross elbow

56
Q

flexor digitorum profundu

A

deep group (3rd layer of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

57
Q

3rd layer of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

A

flexor digitorum profundus

flexor pollicis longus

58
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

deep group (3rd layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: shaft ulna + interosseous membrane
I: base distal phalanges #2 – 5
A: flex distal phalanges #2 – 5
N: ulnar nerve medial ½ (digits #4 – 5) + median nerve lateral ½ (digits #2 – 3)

  • *4 tendons in carpal tunnel
  • *holds fingers 2-5 together
59
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

deep group (3rd layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: shaft radius + interosseous membrane
I: base distal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb (distal phalanx)
N: median nerve (C8, T1)

  • *pollex = thumb
  • *tendon in carpal tunnel
60
Q

pronator quadrauts

A

deep group (4th layer) of anterior antebrachial muscles (forearm)

O: distal shaft ulna
I: distal shaft radius
A: pronate forearm
N: median nerve (C8, T1)

**deepest forearm muscle

61
Q

carpal tunnel

A

passageway btwn forearm + palmar hand

62
Q

groupings of the posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

A 
superficial group (7)
deep group (5)

**extensors

63
Q

features of the posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

A

extensor retinaculum
synovial tendon sheaths

**remember radial groove

64
Q

function of synovial tendon sheaths

A

synovial membrane that decrease friction

65
Q

superficial group of posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

A 
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
anconeus
66
Q

brachioradialis

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: flex forearm
N: radial nerve (C5 – C6)

**only flexor (elbow) in posterior compartment

67
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral humerus
I: distal base METACARPALS #2
A: extand hang @ wrist + synergistic abduction w/ flexor carpi radialis
N: radial nerve (C6 – C7)

68
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral epicondyle humerus + common extensor tendon
I: dorsal base metacarpal #3
A: extend hang @ wrist +synergistic abduction w/ flexor carpi radialis
N: radial nerve (C6 – C8)

69
Q

extensor digitorum

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral epicondyle humerus + common extensor tendon
I: dorsal surface phalanges #2 – 5
A: extend digits #2 – 5
N: radial nerve (C6 – C8)

70
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral epicondyle humerus + common extensor tendon
I: dorsal surface digit #5
A: extend 5th digit
N: radial nerve (C6 – C8)

71
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral epicondyle humerus + common extensor tendon
I: dorsal base metacarpal #5
A: extend hand @ wrist + synergistic adduction w/ flexor carpi ulnaris
N: radial nerve (C6 – C8)

72
Q

anconeus

A

superficial group - posterior antebrachial group (forearm)

O: lateral epicondyle humerus
I: olecranon
A: extend forearm (assists triceps)
N: radial (C7 – C8)

**part of triceps brachii

73
Q

deep group of posterior antebrachial muscles

A 
abductor pollicis longus (APL)
extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
extensor indices
supinator

**not visible on arm models, only ADAM

74
Q

muscles that act on thumb

deep group - posterior antebrachial muscles

A

abductor pollicis longus (APL)
extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

75
Q

abductor pollicis longus (APL)

A

deep group - posterior antebrachial muscles

O: posterior radius + posterior ulna + interosseous membrane
I: dorsal base metacarpal #1
A: abduct + extend thumb
N: radial (C6 – C7)

**bottom

76
Q

extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

A

deep group - posterior antebrachial muscles

O: posterior ulna + interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
N: radial (C6 – C8)

**top

77
Q

extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

A

deep group - posterior antebrachial muscles

O: posterior radius + interosseous membrane
I: proximal phalanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
N: radial (C6 – C7)

**bottom

78
Q

extensor indices

A

deep group - posterior antebrachial muscles

O: posterior ulna + interosseous membrane
I: phalanges digit #2
A: extend index finger
N: radial (C6 – C8)

79
Q

supinator

A

deep group - posterior antebrachial muscles

O: lateral epicondyle humerus + anular ligament
I: lateral proximal 1/3 radius
A: supinate forearm
N: radial C6

80
Q

anatomical snuff box

A

the indent on the dorsal side of hand by the thumb when it is abducted/flexed

81
Q

boundaries of the anatomical snuff box

A

tendons of:

  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis longus
82
Q

contents in the anatomical snuff box

A

radial artery
radial styloid process
scaphoid
trapezium

ANP402 (19 decks)

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