Chapter 3 pt. 2

Question 1

Neural Communication: Neuronal communication uses what 2 main substances>

Answer 1

1. Electricity

2. Neurotransmitters

Question 2

Neural Communication: Neurotransmitters may bind at receptor sites on ____-_________ terminal, which are tuned to respond to specific transmitters

Answer 2

post-synaptic

Question 3

Neural Communication: Neurotransmitters may bind at _______ sites on post-synaptic terminal, which are tuned to respond to ________ transmitters

Answer 3

receptor

specific

Question 4

Neural Communication: What three chemicals are active during neuron communication?

Answer 4

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride

Question 5

Neural Communication:
What type of charge do these chemicals have:
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride

Answer 5

Sodium=positive charge
Potassium=positive charge
Chloride= negative charge

Question 6

Neural Communication: Sodium is attracted to ________ and ___________

Answer 6

chloride

potassium

Question 7

Neural Communication: Changes in ________ ________ inside a neuron signals a release of NT which leads to changes in electric charge in the next neuron which leads to release of NT….

Answer 7

electric charge

Question 8

Neural Communication: Changes in electric charge inside a neuron signals a _________ __ ___ which leads to changes in electric charge in the next neuron which leads to release of NT….

Answer 8

release of NT (neurotransmitters)

Question 9

Neural Communication: Changes in electric charge inside a neuron signals a release of NT which leads to changes in _______ _____ in the next neuron which leads to release of NT….

Answer 9

electric charge

Question 10

Neural Communication: Changes in electric charge inside a neuron signals a release of NT which leads to changes in electric charge in the next neuron which leads to ________ __ ___….

Answer 10

release of NT (neurotransmitters)

Question 11

True or False:

Neural Communication: Charged ions only exist inside of cells

Answer 11

False; Charged ions exist both inside and outside of cells:

Question 12

Neural Communication: What are the scientific abbreviations of sodium and potassium?

Answer 12

NA+ (Sodium)
K+ (Potassium)
CL- (Chloride)

Question 13

Neural Communication: Large number of negative ions, few positive ions=________ charge

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

Neural Communication: Large number of positive ions, few negative ions= _________ charge

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

Neural Communication: When the inside of the cell has a ________ _______ it is at rest, meaning it is not ready to fire, i.e., resting potential (approx -70 millivolts)

Answer 15

negative charge

Question 16

Neural Communication: Explain general property of electricity.

Answer 16

Given the opportunity, charged ions will always move towards their opposite charge and gradient!

Question 17

Neural Communication: List the steps in neuronal communication.

Answer 17

Step 1: NT binds to dendrites of post synaptic terminal
Step 2: Charged ions flow into cell (which is negative right now)
Step 3: If sufficient positive charge is reached, then Neuron will fire! (Action potential)
Step 4: NT released at pre-synaptic terminal
Step 5: NTs traverse the synaptic cleft to bind to next cell and repeat process

Question 18

Neural Communication: what is a brief shift in neurons electrical charge that travels along an axon?

Answer 18

an action potential

Question 19

Neural Communication: a voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane

Answer 19

postsynaptic potential (PSP)

Question 20

Neural Communication: postsynaptic potential (PSP) is graded or varied in _____

Answer 20

size

Question 21

Neural Communication: ____________ ________ (PSP) is graded or varied in size

Answer 21

postsynaptic potential

Question 22

Neural Communication: postsynaptic potential increase or decrease the probability of a _______ _______ in the receiving cell

Answer 22

neural impulse

Question 23

Neural Communication: postynaptic potential increase or decrease the probability of a neural impulse in the __________ ____

Answer 23

receiving cell

Question 24

Neural Communication: _________ PSPs: increases likelihood of firing (cell becomes more positive)

Answer 24

Excitatory

Question 25

Neural Communication:

Excitatory PSPs: increases likelihood of _______ (cell becomes more ________)

Answer 25

firing

positive

Question 26

Neural Communication: _________ PSPs: decreases likelihood of firing (cell becomes more negative)

Answer 26

Inhibitory

Question 27

Neural Communication:

Inhibitory PSPs: __________ likelihood of firing (cell becomes more _________)

Answer 27

decreases

negative

Question 28

Neural Communication: minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin

Answer 28

refractory period

Question 29

Neural Communication: left over NT that is taken back up into the presynaptic cell

Answer 29

reuptake

Question 30

Neural Communication: What are neural networks?

Answer 30

• patterns of neural activity

- interconnected neurons that fire together or sequentially

Question 31

Neural Communication: Why is it important to understand neural communication?

Answer 31

• neuronal communication underlies every thought and action you have
• understanding healthy functions are important in treating dysfunctions