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World week 1 > 5/5 > Flashcards

5/5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is treatment response defined as

A

When a patient demonstrates significant improvement (with or without a remission) generally 50% better

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2
Q

What fluids correct alkalosis

A

Volume resuscitation with normal saline

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3
Q

Who is most likely to get acute bacterial parotitis? most common bug?

A

Dehydrated post op patients and the elderly

Most common bug is S. aureus

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4
Q

Hyperestrogenism in cirrhosis causes

A

Gynecomastia
Spider angiomas
Palmar erythema
Testicular atrophy

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5
Q

What differentiates delirium from other psychotic illnesses

A

Fluctuating levels of consciousness
Acuity of onset
Association w/ underlying medical illness and/or offending mechanisms

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6
Q

Post-partum blues timing

A

2-3 days (resolves within 10 days)

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7
Q

When to give bethmethason to pregnant ladies w/ PPROM

A

When

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8
Q

Fanconi’s anemia dx made by? tx?

A

Made by chromosomal breaks on genetic analysis combined with clinical findings
Tx: hematopoietic stem cell transplant

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9
Q

Anemia in Fanconi’s

A

Usually microcytic (w/ congenital marrow failure)

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10
Q

Imaging for DDH

A
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11
Q

Big complication with bronchiectasis

A

Hemoptysis

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12
Q

13 vs 23 pneumo vaccine immune response

A

13- polysaccharides conj to protein –> T cell dependent B cell response
23- capsular polysaccharide–> T cell independent B cell response

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13
Q

Who gets PCV13

A

All infant and young children

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14
Q

Who gets PPSV23

A

Adults

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15
Q

PBC ass w/

A

Ant-Mitochondrial Ab
Sever hyperlipidemia
Metabolic bone disease

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16
Q

What causes referring syndrome? clinical manifestations?

A

Carb intake stimulates insulin activity, promoting cellular uptake of PO4*, K, and Mg
-Arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary failure

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17
Q

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis features

A

Fever, rash, and arthralgia

sterile pyuria w/ eosinophils

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18
Q

How long for PSGN

A

10-20 days after strep throat or skin infections

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19
Q

What is salvage therapy

A

Treatment for a disease when standard therapy fails

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20
Q

Why follow giant cell arteritis patients with serial chest X-rays

A

Aortic aneurysms are a well known complication

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21
Q

EM usually occurs after?

A

Herpes simplex lesion

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22
Q

SJS by sudden onset of

A

Mucocutaneous lesions and systemic signs of toxicity

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23
Q

Common features of psoriatic arthritis

A

Morning stiffness
Sausage fingers
Nail involvement

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24
Q

Ataxia hemiparesis from stroke where

A

Pons

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25
Q

What is needed differentiate follicular thyroid adenoma from carcinoma

A

Carcinoma will show invasion of the capsule and blood vessels

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26
Q

Lyme tx

A

Doxy (unless pregnant or under 8 years old)

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27
Q

Best initial test for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

A

Pandendoscopy (esophagoscope, bronchoscopy, and laryngoscopy)

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28
Q

Renal vein thrombosis most commonly seen with what nephropathy? why

A

Membranous

Loss of antithrombin III

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29
Q

Renal vein thrombosis presentation

A

Acute abdominal pain, fever, and hematuria

Or progressive with gradual renal worsening and proteinuria

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30
Q

What causes orthostatic hypotension in elderly

A

Progressively decreasing baroreceptor sensitivity and defects in myocardial response

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31
Q

Greatest risk in completing homicide

A

Access to firearms

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32
Q

Most appropriate test to identify intrauterine fetal demise

A

Real time US to demonstrate an absence of fetal movements and cardiac activity

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33
Q

When should be done in all cases of stillbirth

A

Autopsy of the fetus and placenta (with permission from the parents)

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34
Q

Can pregnant women get Hep A and B vaccines

A

A resounding yes!

35
Q

Most common cause of decreased fertility in women in their 30s+ who still have periods

A

Age-related decrease in ovarian reserve

36
Q

Breast milk vs feeding failure jaundice timing

A

Failure: First week of life
BMJ: starts at 3-5 days, peaks at 2 weeks

37
Q

Cause of breastfeeding failure jaundice

A
  1. Decreased bilirubin elimination
  2. Increased enterohepatic circulation
    * signs of DEHYDRATION*
38
Q

Cause of breast milk jaundice

A

High levels of B-glucuronidase in beast milk deconjugate intestinal bill and increase enterohepatic circulation

39
Q

What should be suspected in any patient with pancytopenia following drug, toxin, or viral exposure

A

Aplastic anemia

40
Q

TTN CXR

A

Bilateral perihilar linear streaking

41
Q

Persistent pulmonary HTN of newborn CXR

A

Clear lungs with decreased pulmonary vasulcairty

42
Q

TTN pathophys

A

Inadequate alveolar fluid clearance at birth resulting in mild pulmonary edema

43
Q

Factitious diarrhea colon biopsy

A

Dark brown discoloration w/ lymph follicles singing through as pale patches (melanosis coli)

44
Q

1st line therapy for patients w/ HTN and renal artery stenosis

A

ACEi or ARBs

45
Q

Lab test good for dx of gallstone pancreatitis

A

ALT > 150

46
Q

Why dec in BUN and Cr in pregnant patients

A

Inc. in renal plasma flow and GFR

47
Q

In setting of liver disease, what two labs suggests ALF

A
  1. Worsening PT/INR

2. Inc bilirubin

48
Q

What causes acute mitral regurg in inferior MI

A

Papillae muscle displacement

49
Q

Acute mitral regurg heart changes

A

Elevated L atrial an ventricular filling pressures
Acute pulmonary edema
chronic would change atrial/ventricle size and compliance

50
Q

How dose insulin resistance cause NASh

A

Inc. lipolysis, TG synthesis, and hepatic uptake of FA

–> Hepatic FA increase oxidative stress and production or pro-inflammatory cytokines

51
Q

What do factorial design studies do

A

Involve randomization of different interventions with additional study of 2 or more variables

52
Q

What is a cross over study

A

One group treated and other alternate treatment, then they switch

53
Q

What is a “rare disease assumption”

A

In case-control studies, if outcome is uncommon in the population, odds ratio is a close approximation to the Relative Risk (which can normally only be calculated from cohort study)

54
Q

RR calculation in cohort study

A 
Compare risk (incidence) of disease among exposed to unexposed
*can't calculate RR in case control study*
55
Q

Relative risk vs OR

A

RR –> Cohort study

OR –> Case control study

56
Q

Demeocyline used for treating

A

SIADH –> inhibits ADH-mediated aquaporin insertion in the cortical collecting tubule

57
Q

3 ways to dx lactose intolerance

A
    • hydrogen breath test
    • stool test for reducing substances
  3. Low stool pH and increased stool osmotic gap
58
Q

Post-op endothalmitis presentation

A

Pain and decreased visual acuity

Ex: Swollen eyelids and conjunctiva, hypopyon, corneal edema and infection

59
Q

A-fib EKG features

A

Irregularly irregular R-R interval
Absent P waves
Narrow QRS complexes

60
Q

Aspergillus serology test

A

Aspergillus IgG

61
Q

Drug for stable patients with torsades

A

IV magnesium

62
Q

First step in evaluating post op oliguria

A

Rule out obstruction

63
Q

2 reasons for low back pain in pregnancy

A
  • Increases in lumbar lordosis

- Relaxation of the ligaments supporting the joints of the pelvic girdle

64
Q

Simple breast cysts management

A

Needle aspiration (if patient desires)

65
Q

If breast mass in women under 30 is complex cysts/solid looking, next step?

A

Image-guided core biopsy

66
Q

Mgmt of asymptomatic women with pelvic masses

A

Transvaginal US and then CA-125 level

67
Q

2 drugs that increase appetite in chronic cancer patients

A

Progesterone analogues and corticosteroids

68
Q

Splenectomy patients bad w/ encapsulated bugs do to

A

Impaired antibody mediated opsonization in phagocytosis

69
Q

Congenital rubella triad

A
  1. Sensorineural deafness
  2. Cardiac defects (PDA)
  3. Cataracts
70
Q

2 Turners heart defects

A

Bicuspid aortic valve
Coarctation
Also aortic root dilation

71
Q

Reactive arthritis tx

A

NSAIDs

72
Q

Calcium phosphate stones common in

A

Primary hyper PTh

RTA

73
Q

What is Neurogenic arthropathy

A

Complication of neuropathy and repeated joint trauma affects weight bearing joints w/ deformity and loose bodies on imaging

74
Q

Big 4 of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Polycythemia
Nausea
Dizziness
Headaches

75
Q

Grip myotonia seen in

A

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

76
Q

Pos PPD tx in HIV pt’s

A

Isoniazid (and pyridoxine) for 9 months

77
Q

Angina like episodes at likely? tx? avoid?

A

Prinzmentals
CCB and/or nitrates
Avoid non-selective B-blockers and aspirin

78
Q

Most effective way to prevent systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular a-fib

A

Antithrombotic therapy

79
Q

How does wilsons hurt liver

A

Hepatolenticular degneration

80
Q

What causes familial hypocalciruic hypercalcemia

A

Abnormal calcium-sensing receptors on PTH and renal tubules –> Hypercalcemia and borderline high PTH

81
Q

Chronic bronchitis def

A

Chronic productive cough for 3 month in 2 successive years

82
Q

Phenytoin impairs absorption of what? other drugs do what to this?

A

Folic acid

MTX and TMP-SMX antagonize its physiologic effects

83
Q

What can you take from drug reps

A

Only non-monetary gifts that are of minimal value and directly beneficial to patients

84
Q

Pertussis tx

A

Macrolide antibiotics

World week 1 (17 decks)

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