Exam 2 - Regions of the Vertebral Column (Lumbar)

Question 1

What parts of the verebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 for L5

Answer 1

vertebral body
pedicle
articular process
transverse process
spinous process

Question 2

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

Answer 2

reniform/kidney shaped

Question 3

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

Answer 3

the vertebral body AND intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height
LORDOTIC curve

Question 4

WHat is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra

Answer 4

decrease in height

increase in circumference

Question 5

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

Answer 5

psoas major

psoas minor

Question 6

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

Answer 6

T12 and L!

Question 7

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

Answer 7

transforaminal ligaments

Question 8

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

Answer 8

corporotransverse ligaments

Question 9

What names identify ligaments that attach the dura mater to the vertebral body or pedicle?

Answer 9

hoffmann ligaments (megningeovertebral / anterior dural / Trolard’s Ligament)

Question 10

hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

Answer 10

cervical - upper thoracic

lumbar region

Question 11

Cercical - upper thoracic hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

Answer 11

duramater to segments above

Question 12

What is the highes tlevel known to demonstrate hofmann ligaments?

Answer 12

C6

Question 13

What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic hofmann ligaments

Answer 13

resist caudal movent of the dural sac

resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

Question 14

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

Answer 14

dura mater to lower segmental levels

Question 15

What is the proposed function of the lumbar hofmann ligaments?

Answer 15

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

Question 16

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament?

Answer 16

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

Question 17

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

Answer 17

overlap of the laminae, shingling diminishes

overlap of spinous processes; imbrication diminishes

Question 18

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

Answer 18

triangular

Question 19

How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine?

Answer 19

cervicals have the greates size
lumbars
thoracis are smallest

Question 20

What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

Answer 20

conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral forament of L1

Question 21

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

Answer 21

accessory process

Question 22

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

Answer 22

7% occurrence as a result of CONGENITAL elongation of the lumbar accessory process

Question 23

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 23

the mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

Question 24

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 24

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

Question 25

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?

Answer 25

longissimus thoracis | intertransversarii

Question 26

What are the orientation of the lumbar SAF and IAF?

Answer 26

BUM | FoLD

Question 27

What is Baastrup's Syndrome / Kissing spines?

Answer 27

elongation of the lumbar spinous process as a result of AGING

Question 28

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 28

``` psoas major quadratus lumborum longissimus thoracis rotator brevis rotator longus intertransversarii ```

Question 29

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

Answer 29

zygapophysis lamina spinous process

Question 30

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

Answer 30

vertebral body | pedicle

Question 31

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

Answer 31

BUM

Question 32

What is the orientation of a typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

Answer 32

FoLD

Question 33

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

Answer 33

mammillary process

Question 34

What muscles will attach to lumbar superior articular processes?

Answer 34

multifidis | intertransversarii

Question 35

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process?

Answer 35

Multifidis | intertransversarii

Question 36

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?

Answer 36

mammillo-accessory ligament

Question 37

Whatg is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

Answer 37

saggital plane for L1/L2 L2/L3 and L3/L4 | coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

Question 38

What name is given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

Answer 38

joint symmetry

Question 39

Define or describe joint tropism

Answer 39

the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane

Question 40

What is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to aging?

Answer 40

Baastrup's syndrome / kissing spines

Question 41

What muscles attach to the typical lumbar spinous?

Answer 41

``` latissimus dorsi serratus posterior inferior iliocostalis lumborum longissimus thoracis spinalis thoracis multifidis rotator longus rotator brevis interspinalis ```

Question 42

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the 5th lumbar?

Answer 42

six

Question 43

What joint classifications will be observed at the vertebral body of the 5th lumbar?

Answer 43

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis | fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 44

What muscle attaches to the 5th lumbar vertebral body?

Answer 44

psoas major

Question 45

What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment?

Answer 45

On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body pedicle and lamina-pedicle region

Question 46

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of the 5th thoracic vertebra?

Answer 46

``` psoas major quadratus lumborum longissimus thoracis rotator brevis rotator longus intertransversarii ```

Question 47

What ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra?

Answer 47

lumbosacral iliolumbar mammillo-accessory ligaments

Question 48

WHat is knife clasp syndrome?

Answer 48

the congenital condition in which the L5 spinous prcess is elongated the sacrum exhibits spina bifida dorsiflexion produces pain