test 1 vocab

Question 1

Define Phonetics

Answer 1

“speech sounds” Scientific study and transcription of speech sounds/phonemes of spoken language (acoustic, physiological, experimental & clinical)

Question 2

physiological phonetics

Answer 2

Learning how to make particular sounds

Question 3

Acoustic phonetics:

Answer 3

Study of the frequency and intensity of sound heard, while investigating how different alterations of speech signal affect the listener’s ability to understand what was said.

Question 4

clinical phonetics

Answer 4

transcription, working with people

Question 5

phone

Answer 5

Speech sound. Not meaningful/any sound made out of a the human vocal tract (mechanism)

Question 6

Phoneme

Answer 6

occurs when a phone is used to differentiate meaning in words (distinguishes words from each other). Part of group/family of similar speech sounds (allophones) that are PERCEIVED within a language as the SAME speech sound; phonemes vary from language to language (43 in english) ex: one

Question 7

allophone/allophonic variation

Answer 7

One of the sound variants within a phoneme (family), does NOT CHANGE THE MEANING. different pronunciation of a given sound based on the surrounding context. ex: butter, better, button

Question 8

morpheme

Answer 8

smallest meaningful UNIT in a language. carries semantic interpretation ( often more than 1 phonemes) ex: ed, es

Question 9

developmental phonology

Answer 9

how children are learning to talk/normal acquisition

Question 10

clinical phonology

Answer 10

has to do with disorders

Question 11

metaphonology

Answer 11

reflecting on and understanding of words. (very important for language acquisition). rhymes of words in a sentence.

Question 12

Orthograhy

Answer 12

writing (grqphemes & diagraphs). the** spelling** and writing system of a language and its study

Question 13

graphemes:

Answer 13

written letters, spellings and rules

Question 14

diagraphs

Answer 14

2 letters combined making a phoneme

Question 15

Word

Answer 15

may contain more than one morpheme.

Question 16

Transliteration:

Answer 16

selecting alphabet letters to represent speech sounds

Question 17

Digraph

Answer 17

2 graphemes/alphabet letters yielding in 1 phoneme.

Question 18

Diacritic markings

Answer 18

specialized markings/symbols that indicate modification variations in production/ pronunciation i.e. dictionary

Question 19

IPA International Phonetic Alphabet

Answer 19

One symbol for EACH different speech sound in all the world’s languages

Question 20

Transcription

Answer 20

2 types:

1. phonemic/broad -virgules / /
2. phonetic/narrow-brackets []

Question 21

phonotactic (rule)

Answer 21

specifyng where sounds can occur (in words or syllables in a language) and how sounds can be combined in that language i.e. ng cannot start a word in english/ no stl word initial in English

Question 22

phonological

Answer 22

sound system(semantics) and a rules (syntax/grammar) of a language

Question 23

syllable

Answer 23

smallest unit in speech production; requires vowel, dipthong; or syllabic consonant. (open/closed syllables)

Question 24

homophones

Answer 24

words that sound the same but have different meaning. ex mail, male

Question 25

consonant

Answer 25

sounds produced by partly/completely obstructed vocal tract (24 in english)

Question 26

vowel

Answer 26

sounds produced by an unobstructed vocal tract (14 vowesl in english)

Question 27

dipthong

Answer 27

one phoneme consisting of 2 vowels produced consecutively in the** same syllable** by moving the articulators smoothly from the position of one to the other (3 true diptongs & 2 alternate diphtongs)

Question 28

grapheme

Answer 28

written or printed letter (26 in english) **alphabet letters**

Question 29

cognate

Answer 29

pair of words that differ by voicing ex: p b; s z

Question 30

morpho phonological rules

Answer 30

rules for how to pronunce past tense morpheme ex: ed or plurals Ex:s, z

Question 31

phonological rule

Answer 31

formal way of showing a sound change ( substitution rule that captures the **devoicing** of word final) ex. s to z

Question 32

consonant singleton

Answer 32

consonant surrounded by vowels/diphtongs/or silence

Question 33

consonant clusters

Answer 33

ex:cc, ccc--\> 2 or more contiguous/juxtaposed consonants in the same syllable When reading clusters, each letter within the cluster is pronounced individually

Question 34

consonant sequences

Answer 34

2 or more contiguous consonants, including those that cross syllable boundaries (can include consonant cluster)

Question 35

Glides

Answer 35

ex: j, w . **prevocalic/**must precede a vowel. Consonant characterized by the **rapid movement** of the articulators from a **high front or high back** tongue arch to the vowel that follows. However we **CANNOT END a syllable** or word with a glide

Question 36

Affricates

Answer 36

/tʃ/ /dʒ/ consonant that begin as a** stop** and release as a** fricative ⇒2** components, one phoneme

Question 37

Minimal Pairs/contrast:

Answer 37

Words that differ by one phoneme ex: bit & hit; bit & bite