test 1 respiration

Question 1

how do we make speech?

Answer 1

By simultaneously, cooperatively and coordinately using respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation

Question 2

supraglottal structures

Answer 2

3 cavities: oral (lips, teeth,alveolar ridge, hard/soft palate, tongue & mandible) nasal and pharyngeal

Question 3

ORAL CAVITY/lips function

Answer 3

(external boundaries) receive and contain food/fluids

vowels: rounded-neutral-spread
consonants: labial, bilabial (p,b)labiodental (v,f)

Question 4

ORAL CAVITY/teeth

Answer 4

cutting and grinding food

consonants: dental/interdental (letting out airstream) th,

Question 5

ORAL CAVITY/alveolar ridge/gum

Answer 5

contains teeth
important surface for tongue contact in swallowing
vowels: front vowel formation
consonant: alveolar (t, s, l, n)

Question 6

ORAL CAVITY/hard palate

Answer 6

(bone tissue, covered by mucuous)
divides oral &nasal cavities, contains food in oral cavity, provides upper surface for swallowing
vowels: oral cavity sound shaping
consonant: requires tongue to be positioned near or move in relation to the palate f, z, tch, dj, r, j

Question 7

ORAL CAVITY/soft palate

Answer 7

forms roof of mouth (covered by mucuous membrane of hard palate)
prevent food/ fluid to enter nasal cavity
crucial to speech production
nasal consonants: m,n, ng
velar consonants (closed): k, g, ng

Question 8

ORAL CAVITY/tongue

Answer 8

muscle, connective tissue & covered by mucuous membrane

• structure: root, apex, dorsum, septum & frenum)
• direct food to back of cavity
  vowels: shapes sound
• consonants: all but (m, p, b, f, v)

Question 9

ORAL CAVITY/mandible

Answer 9

forms the base of the tongue & house the mandibular teeth & chewing

vowels: shape the sound
consonants: m, p, b, f, v (without tongue movement)

Question 10

NASAL CAVITY-function

Answer 10

receive inhaled air, filter it, warm it, and directs it toward the trachea
-speech resonnance

Question 11

PHARYNGEAL CAVITIES/ throat

Answer 11

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeopharynx
receives food for swallowing & moving it toward oesophagus & stomach
channel air from respiration between nose & mouth, trachea & lungs
speech: resonating chamber for voice

Question 12

LARYNX AND SUBGLOTTAL STRUCTURES

Answer 12

made of cartillage and muscle
prevent food/fluids from entering trachea
sound: voiced (vocal fold vibration) & voiceless (vocal fold abducted)

Question 13

LARYNX COMPONENTS:

Answer 13

cricoid, arytenoid, thyroid cartillage , hyoid bone, vocal folds (phonation) & glottis

Question 14

SUBLARYNGEAL STRUCTURES

Answer 14

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, rib cage & diaphram

Question 15

structures associated

Answer 15

bilabial: lips
glottal: glotis
pharyngeal: pharynx
alveolar: gum
velar: soft palate
palatal: soft/ hard palate

Question 16

respiration in speech

Answer 16

air source for oral communication

Question 17

respiration structure

Answer 17

lungs, bronchi, alveoli and trachea

Question 18

respiration muscles

Answer 18

Diaphragm, external/internal intercostal muscles

Question 19

respiration process

Answer 19

breathing
inhalation
exhalation

Question 20

breathing

Answer 20

inhale, exhale, oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the lungs alveoli

Question 21

Inhalation

Answer 21

bring air into the lungs
contraction of diagram
expansion of thoracic space
co-occur upward and outward rib cage

Question 22

exhalation

Answer 22

release air from the lungs
combination of 3 factors (gravity, elastic properties of cartillage and lung tissue & relaxation of the muscle of inhalation)
phase that provides the flow for breath for speech

Question 23

phonation

Answer 23

interuption of outgoing airstream by rapid rythmic closing and opening of the glottis with vocal folds

Question 24

fundamental frequency

Answer 24

rate at which the glottis opens and closes, measured in Hz

Question 25

Hz averages

Answer 25

men: 125 hz women: 220Hz changes due to vocal fold tension & sublgottal air pressure

Question 26

harmonic

Answer 26

systematic pattern vibration that is repeated at a regular time intervals

Question 27

intensity

Answer 27

loudness of the voice due to increased subglottal pressure, vocal fold control that allows rapid, firm, longer closure and expansion of the vocal fold for reduced subglottal pressure

Question 28

resonation

Answer 28

occurs as the vibrating airstream passes through the paryngeal, oral and nasal cavities

Question 29

voice quality

Answer 29

produced by a combination of a person's habitual F0 range blended with the overtone s or subdued by resonation

Question 30

influence of resonant

Answer 30

overal length of vocal tract lenght of oral nasal and pharyngeal cavities habitual muscle tensing size of the tongue in relation to oral cavity moistness & softness of the cavity walls relative opening of the jaw & lips in speech velopharyngeal port openess

Question 31

articulation

Answer 31

shaping of the voiced/unvoiced breath stress to form speech sound ex: m, n, l, r