vocab test 2

Question 1

Affricates

Answer 1

consonants that begin as a stop; release as a fricative

Question 2

Allophones

Answer 2

one sound variants within a phoneme (family); does not change the meaning

Question 3

alveolars

Answer 3

refers to upper alveolar ridge

Question 4

articulation

Answer 4

the process of producing/shaping speech sounds

Question 5

bilabials

Answer 5

contact of upper & lower lips

Question 6

consonant clusters

Answer 6

2 or more contiguous/juxtaposed consonants in the same syllable ex: star

Question 7

dentals

Answer 7

refer to teeth

Question 8

diacritic markings

Answer 8

specialized markings that indicate modifications/variations in productions/pronunciation

Question 9

diagraphs

Answer 9

two graphemes/alphabet letters yielding one phoneme

Question 10

diphtongs

Answer 10

consisting of 2 vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving the articulators smoothly from the position of one to the other (3 “true” diphtongs)

Question 11

distinctive features

Answer 11

every consonant differs from every other consonant by at least one distinctive feature

• characteristics (acoustic & articulatory)
• binary (plus or minus)
• phoneme ( a bundle of features)

Question 12

fricatives

Answer 12

produced with audible friction as a result of narrowing of the vocal tracts at some point

Question 13

glides

Answer 13

consonant characterized by a rapid movement of the articulators from a high front /back tongue arch to the vowel that follows

Question 14

graphemes

Answer 14

written or printed letters

Question 15

interdentals

Answer 15

placement of the tongue top between the upper and lower front teeth

Question 16

labials

Answer 16

refers to lips

Question 17

labiodentals

Answer 17

contact of lower lip & upper front teeth

Question 18

lingual

Answer 18

refers to tongue

Question 19

metaphonology

Answer 19

reflecting on the sounds of a language

Question 20

morphemes

Answer 20

smallest meaningful unit (could be more than one sound) that carries semantic interpretation

Question 21

morphophonology

Answer 21

rules as to how to pronounce past tense morpheme “ed”

Question 22

nasals

Answer 22

produced with the lowering of the soft palate & closure of oral cavity
+lowered velum for airflow through nasal cavity

Question 23

liquids

Answer 23

produced with tongue acting as an obstacle to outgoing voiced airstream.

Question 24

obstruents

Answer 24

consonant with closure of vocal tract, stopping/ interfering with airflow: Stops, Fricatives, and Affricates.
have Voiceless consonants & voiced cognates

Question 25

orthography

Answer 25

the spelling and written system of a language and its study

Question 26

phones

Answer 26

any sound that can be produced by the human track

Question 27

phonemes

Answer 27

part of a group/family of similar speech sounds that are PERCEIVED within a language as the SAME speech sounds vary from language to language

Question 28

palatals

Answer 28

refers to hard palate

Question 29

phonetics

Answer 29

pertains to speech sounds, including the scientific study & also the transcription of speech sound production (acoustic, physiological, experimental &clinical)

Question 30

phonology

Answer 30

sound SYSTEM and RULES of a language (developmental & clinical)

Question 31

phonotactics

Answer 31

rule specifying where sound can occur and how sounds can be combined in a language.

Question 32

sonorants

Answer 32

consonant produced with voiced airflow include Liquids, Nasals, and Glides [and also Vowels] Sonorants are all VOICED and more "singable"

Question 33

stops

Answer 33

complete obstruction of outgoing airstream by articulators, a buildup of intraoral pressure & a release (air may/may not be released)

Question 34

syllables

Answer 34

smallest unit of speech production; requires vowel, dipthong or syllabic consonant; Open?closed syllables

Question 35

velars

Answer 35

refers to soft palate

Question 36

virgule

Answer 36

broad phonemic transcription | slash marks, used for sound transcription

Question 37

vocalic

Answer 37

refer to being part vowel --for example, word final (r) is vocalic; part consonant and part vowel

Question 38

voiced

Answer 38

phoneme produced with vocal fold vibration vibration of the adducted vocal folds in the larynx

Question 39

voiceless

Answer 39

phoneme produced without vocal fold vibration

Question 40

vowels

Answer 40

speech sounds with an unobstructed vocal track (14 in english)

Question 41

consonant sequences

Answer 41

2 or more consonant, including those that cross syllable boundaries ex: basket