Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdo > peritoneum > Flashcards

peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the peritoneum?

A

a continuous transparent membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (or viscera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of the peritoneum?

A

support the viscera

provides a pathway for blood vessels and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the peritoneum consist of?

A

2 layers which are continuous with each other

outer parietal and visceral (inner) peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do both layers of the peritoneum consist of? what is it called?

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

called mesothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the parietal peritoneum derived from?

A

somatic mesoderm in the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what nervous supply does the parietal peritoneum receive?

A

same somatic nerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that lines it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does pain from the parietal peritoneum appear?

A

well localised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

A

pressure, pain, laceration, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the visceral peritoneum derived from? (embryo)

A

splanchnic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the nerve supply to the visceral peritoneum from?

A

same nerve supply as the viscera it invests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is pain from visceral peritoneum perceived?

A

poorly localised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

A

stretch and chemical irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is pain from visceral peritoneum referred to?

A

area of skin (dermatome) which are supplied by the same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as the nerve fibres innervating the viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity?

A

a potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the peritoneal cavity contain?

A

small amount of lubricating fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how can the abdominal viscera be divided anatomically?

A

by their relationship with the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 main groups of the abdominal viscera?

A

intraperitoneal & retroperitoneal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are intraperitoneal organs?

A

completely covered in visceral peritoneum, anteriorly & posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A

stomach, liver, spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are retroperitoneal organs?

A

organs that are only covered in peritoneum on their anterior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the groups that retroperitoneal organs can be divided into?

A

2 groups

primary retroperitoneal & secondarily retroperitoneal

24
Q

what are primary retroperitoneal organs?

A

organs develop and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum

25
Q

what are examples of primary retroperitoneal organs?

A

oesophagus, rectum, kidneys

26
Q

what are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

organs initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentary
through the course of embryogenesis they became retroperitoneal
with mesentery fusing with posterior abdo wall
peritoneum only covers anterior surface

27
Q

what are examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

ascending & descending colon

28
Q

what’s the mnemonic to help recalling which abdominal viscera are retroperitoneal?

A

SAD PUCKER

29
Q

what does SAD from SAD PUCKER stand for?

A

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Aorta / IVC
Duodenum (except duodenal cap - first 2cm)

30
Q

what does PUCKER from SAD PUCKER stand for?

A 
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending & descending)
Kidneys
E (Oesophagus)
Rectum
31
Q

what is the peritoneal reflections?

A

peritoneum develops into a highly folded, complex structure in order to adequately fulfil its functions
(peritoneum covers a multitude of viscera within gut and conveys neurovascular structures from body wall to viscera)

32
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

a double layer of visceral peritoneum

connects an intraperitoneal organ to the (usually) posterior abdominal wall

33
Q

what does the mesentery provide?

A

a pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics from the body wall to the viscera

34
Q

what is the mesentery of the small intestine called?

A

the mesentery

35
Q

how is mesentery related to other parts of the GI system named?

A

according to the viscera it connects to e.g. transverse & sigmoid mesocolons, the mesoappendix

36
Q

What is the omentum?

A

a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs

37
Q

what does the greater omentum consist of?

A

consists of 4 layers of the peritoneum

38
Q

where does the greater omentum extend?

A

descends from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum, then folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon

39
Q

what is the role of the greater omentum? what is it sometimes referred to? why?

A

immunity and is sometimes referred to as the abdominal policeman because it can migrate to infected viscera

40
Q

what is the lesser omentum and where does it attach to?

A

smaller than greater

attaches from lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

41
Q

what does the lesser omentum consist of?

A

2 parts: hepatogastric ligament & hepatoduodenal ligament

42
Q

what is the peritoneal ligament?

A

a double fold of peritoneum that connects viscera together or connects viscera to the abdominal wall

43
Q

what is an example of peritoneal ligament? what does it connect?

A

hepatogastric ligament

connects liver to the stomach

44
Q

how is pain in viscera identified? why?

A

poorly localised
as it is referred to areas of skin (dermatomes) which are supplied by the same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as the nerve fibres innervating the viscera

45
Q

what is pain referred according to?

A

according to the embryological origin of the organ

46
Q

where is pain from foregut, midgut and hindgut referred to?

A

pain from foregut structures are referred to the epigastric region, midgut to umbilical, hindgut to pubic region

47
Q

what does the foregut include?

A

oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, duodenum (proximal to entrance of the common bile duct)

48
Q

where foes the midgut extend from and to?

A

from duodenum (distal to entrance of common bile duct) to the junction of the proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon with the distal 1/3rd

49
Q

where does the hindgut extend from to?

A

from distal 1/3rd of transverse colon to upper part of anal canal

50
Q

how would pain in retroperitoneal organs present? examples of retroperitoneal organs?

A

present as back pain

e.g. kidney and pancreas

51
Q

how would irritation of diaphragm present?

A

shoulder tip pain

52
Q

how can irritation of diaphragm occur?

A

as a result of inflammation of liver, gallbladder or duodenum

53
Q

how does referred pain in appendicitis appear?

A

initially pain form the appendix (midgut structure) and visceral peritoneum is referred to the umbilical region
as the appendix becomes inflamed and irritates the parietal peritoneum, the pain becomes localised to the right lower quadrant

54
Q

how does damage to the peritoneum occur?

A

as a result of infection, surgery or injury

55
Q

what can repair to peritoneum result in?

A

inflammation and repair may cause the formation of fibrous scar tissue
resulting in abnormal attachments between visceral peritoneum of adjacent organs or between visceral and parietal peritoneum

56
Q

what can peritoneal adhesions from inflammation and repair result in?

A

pain and complications e.g. volvulus

57
Q

what is a volvulus?

A

when the intestine becomes twisted around an adhesion resulting in bowel obstruction

Abdo (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions