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Abdo > kidneys - vasculature, lymph & clinical > Flashcards

kidneys - vasculature, lymph & clinical Flashcards

1
Q

what are the kidneys supplied with blood via?

A

the renal arteries

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2
Q

where do the renal arteries arise directly from?

A

the abdominal aorta, immediately distal to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

is left or right renal artery longer? why?

A

Due to the anatomical position of the abdominal aorta (slightly to the left of the midline), the right renal artery is longer

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4
Q

which structure does the right renal artery cross posteriorly?

A

crosses the vena cava posteriorly

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5
Q

where do the left & right renal arteries enter the kidneys via?

A

via the renal hilum

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6
Q

what happens when the left and right renal arteries enter the kidneys via the renal hilum?

A

it is divided into segmental branches

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7
Q

what happens to the segmental branches?

A

These branches undergo further divisions to supply the renal parenchyma

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8
Q

what do each segmental artery divide to form?

A

interlobar arteries

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9
Q

where are interlobar arteries situated?

A

either side every renal pyramid

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10
Q

what do interlobar arteries undergo to form?

A

interlobar arteries undergo further division to form the arcuate arteries.

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11
Q

where do the interlobular arteries arise?

A

At 90 degrees to the arcuate arteries

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12
Q

what do the interlobular arteries pass through? what happens as it does so?

A

The interlobular arteries pass through the cortex, dividing one last time to form afferent arterioles.

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13
Q

what do the afferent arterioles form?

A

a capillary network

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14
Q

where does filtration in the kidneys take place?

A

in the glomerulus

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15
Q

what do the capillaries come together to form?

A

The capillaries come together to form the efferent arterioles.

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16
Q

what happens in the outer 2/3rds of the cortex?

A

the efferent arterioles form what is a known as a peritubular network

17
Q

what does the peritubular network supply?

A

supplying the nephron tubules with oxygen and nutrients

18
Q

what are the inner 1/3 of the cortex and the medulla supplied by?

A

long, straight arteries called vasa recta

19
Q

what are the kidneys venous blood drainage via?

A

by the left and right renal veins

20
Q

where do the left and right renal veins leave the renal hilum?

A

They leave the renal hilum anteriorly to the renal arteries

21
Q

where do the left and right renal veins empty directly into?

A

inferior vena cava

22
Q

is the left or right renal vein longer? why?

A

As the vena cava lies slightly to the right, the left renal vein is longer

23
Q

what does the left renal vein travel anteriorly to?

A

the abdominal aorta

24
Q

lymph from the kidney drains into where?

A

the lateral aortic nodes

25
Q

where are the lateral aortic nodes located?

A

at the origin of the renal arteries

26
Q

how do the kidneys develop embryologically?

A

Embyrologically, the kidneys develop in the pelvis, and ascend into the abdomen.

27
Q

what is pelvic kidney?

A

Occasionally, one of the kidneys can fail to ascend, and remains in the pelvis, at the level of the common iliac artery.

28
Q

what is a horseshoe kidney? (also known as cake / fused kidney)

A

A horseshoe kidney consists of the two kidneys fused together, situated in the pelvis.

29
Q

when does horseshoe kidney occur?

A

This occurs if the kidneys become too close together during their ascent from the pelvis to the abdomen

30
Q

what do the horseshoe kidney becomes stuck underneath?

A

the inferior mesenteric artery

31
Q

how is a horseshoe kidney drained by?

A

This type of kidney is still drained by two ureters, and is usually asymptomatic

32
Q

what is horseshoe kidney prone to?

A

obstruction

33
Q

what is renal dysgenesis?

A

is used to describe any underdevelopment of the kidneys

34
Q

what are the 2 main forms of renal dysgenesis?

A

renal agenesis

renal hypoplasia

35
Q

what is renal agenesis?

A

complete failure of one or both kidneys to develop

36
Q

is renal agenesis usually uni or bilateral?

A

unilateral

37
Q

what is renal hypoplasia?

A

the kidneys develop with a normal architecture, but are of a smaller size

Abdo (50 decks)

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