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Abdo > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

where does the stomach extend between?

A

T7-L3

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2
Q

where is the stomach located between?

A

oesophagus and duodenum

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3
Q

what is the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stomach covered in?

A

smoothly rounded with a peritoneum covering

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4
Q

what are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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5
Q

what is the cardia?

A

surrounds the superior opening of the stomach

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6
Q

what is the fundus?

A

the rounded portion superior to and left of the cardia

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7
Q

what is the body?

A

the large central portion inferior to the fundus

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8
Q

what is the pylorus of the stomach?

A

connects the stomach to the duodenum

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9
Q

what are the medial and lateral borders of the stomach known as? why?

A

medial & lateral borders of the stomach are curved

known as the lesser and greater curvatures

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10
Q

what does the greater curvature of the stomach form?

A

long convex lateral border of the stomach

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11
Q

where does the greater curvature of the stomach arise from?

A

the cardiac orifice

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12
Q

describe the greater curvature of the stomach

A

cardiac orifice, arches backwards and passes inferiorly to the left

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13
Q

what happens to the greater curvature of the stomach as it continues medially? what does it reach?

A

curves to the right as it continues medially to reach the pyloric antrum

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14
Q

which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

short gastric arteries

right & left gastro-omental arteries

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15
Q

what does the lesser curvature of the stomach form?

A

forms the shorter concave medial surface of the stomach

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16
Q

what is the angular incisure?

A

the most inferior part of the lesser curvature

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17
Q

what does the angular incisure indicate?

A

the junction of the body and pyloric region

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18
Q

what does the lesser curvature give attachment to?

A

hepatogastric ligament

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19
Q

which artery supplies the lesser curvature?

A

left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery

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20
Q

where does the stomach lie in a supine position?

A

lies in the right and left upper quadrants or epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondrium and flank regions

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21
Q

where does the stomach move in an erect position?

A

moves inferiorly

22
Q

what happens to the internal surface (mucosa) of the stomach when it is empty?

A

the mucosa lies in folds called rugae

23
Q

where do rugae (folds) become most prominent in the stomach?

A

toward the pyloric part and greater curvature

24
Q

what happens to the rugae during swallowing?

A

the rugae can form a temporary groove along the lesser curvature

25
Q

what is the temporary groove along the lesser curvature called?

A

gastric canal

26
Q

what is the function of the gastric canal?

A

masticated food and fluid drain along the canal to the pyloric canal when the stomach is empty

27
Q

how many sphincters are there in the stomach and where are they located?

A

2 sphincters of the stomach, one at each end

28
Q

what is the function of the sphincters of the stomach?

A

function to control what enters and exists the stomach and when

29
Q

where is the inferior oesophageal sphincter?

A

the sphincter between the oesophagus and the stomach

30
Q

where is the superior oesophageal sphincter located?

A

in the pharynx

31
Q

where is the inferior oesophageal sphincter located anatomically?

A

to the left of the T11 vertebra

32
Q

how is the inferior oesophageal sphincter marked histologically?

A

marked by an abrupt change from oesophageal to gastric mucosa

33
Q

what is located immediately superior to the inferior oesophageal sphincter?

A

oesophageal hiatus

34
Q

what is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

a hole in the diaphragm through which the oesophagus travels

35
Q

what is the inferior oesophageal sphincter called? why?

A

physiological (or functional) sphincter

36
Q

why is the inferior oesophageal sphincter called a physiological sphincter?

A

it does not have any specific sphincteric muscle, instead, a number of extrinsic forces act

37
Q

what happens at the oesophageal hiatus?

A

the right crus exerts pressure on the oesophageal wall

38
Q

in the normal (non-eating) state, how is the lumen of the oesophagus like?

A

collapsed

39
Q

how does the oesophagus enter the stomach?

A

at an angle

40
Q

why does the oesophagus enter the stomach at an angle?

A

when the stomach is full, this closes off entry to the stomach

41
Q

where is the pyloric sphincter found?

A

between the pylorus and the duodenum

42
Q

what does the pyloric sphincter control?

A

the exit of chyme (food and gastric acid mixture)

43
Q

what type of sphincter is the pyloric sphincter?

A

an anatomical sphincter

44
Q

why is the pyloric sphincter a type of anatomical sphincter?

A

it contains smooth muscle

45
Q

what is the function of the smooth muscle in the pyloric sphincter?

A

thickens to control the discharge of stomach contents through the orifice

46
Q

how does emptying of stomach occur?

A

intermittently when intragastric pressure overcomes the resistance of the pylorus

47
Q

how does the pylorus normally contract? why?

A

pylorus contracts tonically so that the orifice is small and food can stay in the stomach for a suitable period

48
Q

what is the function of gastric peristalsis?

A

gastric peristalsis pushes the chyme through the pyloric canal into the duodenum for further digestion

49
Q

what are organs within the abdominal cavity covered with?

A

double layered membrane called peritoneum

50
Q

what is the function of the peritoneum?

A

supports viscera and attaches them to the abdominal wall

51
Q

what is the greater and lesser omenta?

A

2 structures that consist of peritoneum folded over itself (2 layers of peritoneum, or 4 membrane layers)

Abdo (50 decks)

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