Gallbladder - neurovascular, lymph & gallstones

Question 1

what is the arterial supply to the gallbladder via?

Answer 1

the cystic artery

Question 2

where is the cystic artery derived from?

Answer 2

hepatic artery proper

Question 3

what is the hepatic artery proper a branch of?

Answer 3

common hepatic artery

Question 4

where does the gallbladder receive its venous drainage from?

Answer 4

the cystic vein

Question 5

where does the cystic vein drain directly into?

Answer 5

the portal vein

Question 6

aside from the cystic artery and vein, how does the gallbladder communicate with the liver?

Answer 6

through several very small veins and arteries

Question 7

what types of innervation does the gallbladder receive?

Answer 7

The gallbladder receives parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory innervation.

Question 8

what carries sympathetic and sensory fibres?

Answer 8

celiac plexus

Question 9

what delivers parasympathetic innervation to the gallbladder?

Answer 9

vagus nerve

Question 10

what does parasympathetic stimulation produce in the gallbladder?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic stimulation produces contraction of the gallbladder, and the secretion of bile into the cystic duct

Question 11

what is the main stimulator of bile secretion?

Answer 11

cholecystokinin

Question 12

where is cholecystokinin secreted and where does it travel?

Answer 12

secreted by the duodenum and travels in the blood

Question 13

where does lymph from the gallbladder drain into?

Answer 13

drains into the cystic node

Question 14

where is the cystic node situated?

Answer 14

at the gallbladder neck

Question 15

what does the cystic node empty into?

Answer 15

hepatic lymph node

Question 16

what does the hepatic lymph node then empty into?

Answer 16

celiac node

Question 17

what are gallstones? where do they form?

Answer 17

Gallstones are small lumps of solid material that form in the gallbladder

Question 18

what can be the symptoms of gallstones?

Answer 18

They are relatively common and often asymptomatic, however they can be associated with pain, jaundice and inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 19

what are examples of types of gallstones?

Answer 19

There are several types of gallstones, including cholesterol and pigment stones

Question 20

is cholesterol or pigment stones more common?

Answer 20

cholesterol

Question 21

when are gallstones formed?

Answer 21

when there are high concentrations of cholesterol in the gallbladder

Question 22

what does the risk of gallstones increases with?

Answer 22

The risk of gallstones increases with age, pregnancy and obesity

Question 23

are gallstones more common in females or males?

Answer 23

females

Question 24

what is the method of treating most symptomatic patients with gallstones? what is it called?

Answer 24

surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy)

Question 25

how is cholecystectomy performed via?

Answer 25

key-hole surgery

Question 26

what are patients with gallstones normally treated with prior to surgery?

Answer 26

Patients are also often prescribed painkillers and antibiotics

Question 27

why are painkillers and antibiotics prescribed?

Answer 27

to reduce pain and to limit infection