Chapter 3

Question 1

4 elements of cell theory

Answer 1

1) cell most basic part of body
2) activity of organism depends on activity of cells
3) certain cells do certain things
4) continuity of life has a cellular basis

Question 2

3 regions of the nucleus

Answer 2

1) Nuclear envelope
2) nucleolus
3) Chromatin

Question 3

nucleoli

Answer 3

assemble ribosomes, found in nucleus

Question 4

phospholipid heads

Answer 4

hydrophilic

Question 5

phopholipid tails

Answer 5

hydrophobic

Question 6

proteins in cell membrane

Answer 6

1)enzymes, 2)receptors, 3)transport

Question 7

Tight Junctions

Answer 7

impermeable, keep substances from passing in between cells

Question 8

desmosomes

Answer 8

prevent cells from being pulled apart. anchoring cells

Question 9

gap junctions

Answer 9

connect cells so that they can communicate with each other through hollow tubes

Question 10

which cell has no nucleus

Answer 10

red blood cells

Question 11

_____ cells do not divide

Answer 11

brain cells

Question 12

Site of Atp synthesis

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

site of protein synthesis

Answer 13

ribosome

Question 14

holds ribosomes and transports proteins throughout the cell

Answer 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

lipid motabolism

Answer 15

smooth er

Question 16

modifies, packages, and transports proteins

Answer 16

golgi apparatus

Question 17

three pathways from the Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

1) Secretory: goes outside of the cell
2) In House: fuses with plasma membrane
3) lysosomes: digestive enzymes transported to lysosomes

Question 18

digest worn down or non-usable cell structures

Answer 18

lysosomes

Question 19

contain oxidase enzymes to detoxify harmful substances like alcohol

Answer 19

peroxisomes

Question 20

generate spindle fibers during mitosis

Answer 20

centrioles

Question 21

where can cilia be found?

Answer 21

lining the trachea to move mucus

Question 22

cells that secretes cable like fibers

Answer 22

fibroblast

Question 23

carries oxygen in the bloodstream

Answer 23

erythrocyte

Question 24

covers and lines body organs

Answer 24

epithelial cell

Question 25

cell that moves organs and body parts

Answer 25

skeletal and smooth muscle cells

Question 26

cell that stores nutrients

Answer 26

fat cells

Question 27

cell that fights disease

Answer 27

macrophage

Question 28

cell that gathers information and controls body functions

Answer 28

nerve cell

Question 29

cells of reproduction

Answer 29

oocyte, sperm

Question 30

solvent

Answer 30

what is being dissolved into

Question 31

solute

Answer 31

the stuff getting dissolved

Question 32

fluid inside the cell

Answer 32

intracellular fluid

Question 33

fluid outside of the cell

Answer 33

interstitial fluid

Question 34

plasma membrane is _____ permeable

Answer 34

selectively

Question 35

diffusion goes

Answer 35

down the concentration gradient: from highest concentration of solute to lowest concentration

Question 36

small particles and ____ ______ molecules are able to diffuse across the cellular membrane

Answer 36

lipid soluble

Question 37

water passes through the cell membrane using

Answer 37

aquaporins

Question 38

same solute and water concentrations

Answer 38

isotonic solution

Question 39

solution with more solute than the cell

Answer 39

hypertonic

Question 40

solution with less solute than the cell

Answer 40

hypotonic

Question 41

cell will shrink in a

Answer 41

hypertonic solution

Question 42

cell will swell in a

Answer 42

hypotonic solution

Question 43

diffusion of water

Answer 43

osmosis

Question 44

cell explodes

Answer 44

lycing

Question 45

building materials for cells

Answer 45

fibrous proteins

Question 46

4 types of tissue

Answer 46

1) epithelial 2) connective 3) muscle 4) nervous

Question 47

free surface of epithelial tissue

Answer 47

apical

Question 48

no blood supply

Answer 48

avascular

Question 49

simple squamous

Answer 49

FXN: diffusion location: airsacks in lungs

Question 50

simple cuboidal

Answer 50

filtration | kidneys

Question 51

simple columnar

Answer 51

absorption | small intestine

Question 52

pseudostratified columnar

Answer 52

traps things | trachea

Question 53

stratified squamous

Answer 53

protection | mouth

Question 54

stratified cuboidal

Answer 54

protection | rare in the body

Question 55

stratified columnar

Answer 55

protection | ducts of large glands

Question 56

transitional

Answer 56

stretching | bladder

Question 57

glandular epithelium

Answer 57

secretion | thyroid

Question 58

two types of glands

Answer 58

endocrine and exocrine

Question 59

endocrine glands

Answer 59

ductless hormone glands, example thyroid

Question 60

exocrine glands

Answer 60

have ducts that lead to the surface of the epithelial tissue, ex. sweat glands

Question 61

nonliving cells that surround living cells

Answer 61

extracellular matrix

Question 62

bone

Answer 62

protect and support the body | femur

Question 63

hyaline cartilage

Answer 63

flexibility | larynx

Question 64

elastic cartilage

Answer 64

elasticity | ear

Question 65

fibrocartilage

Answer 65

compression | between the vertebrae in the spinal column

Question 66

dense connective tissue

Answer 66

attaching | tendons

Question 67

areolar

Answer 67

holds organs in place | around organs

Question 68

adipose

Answer 68

fuel storage | surrounds kidneys

Question 69

reticular

Answer 69

framework | lymphnodes

Question 70

blood

Answer 70

transportation | capillaries

Question 71

types of muscle tissue

Answer 71

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Question 72

skeletal

Answer 72

moves things | deltoid

Question 73

cardiac

Answer 73

pump blood | heart

Question 74

smooth

Answer 74

propulsion | walls of the stomach

Question 75

nervous tissue

Answer 75

communication of signals | brain