Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
bone functions
A
Support the body Protect soft organs Attached skeletal muscles allow movement Store minerals and fats Calcium and phosphorus Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
2
Q
bones in adult skeleton
A
206
3
Q
types of bone
A
spongy and compact
4
Q
types of bone
A
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
5
Q
flat bones
A
two layers of compact bone surround spongy bone
6
Q
irregular bones
A
vertebrate
7
Q
shaft of long bone
A
diaphysis
8
Q
outside layer of compact bone
A
periosteum
9
Q
secure periosteum to bone
A
Sharpey’s fibers
10
Q
ends of the bones
A
epiphysis
11
Q
cartilage on end of long bone is ______ cartilage
A
articular
12
Q
short bones contain mostly
A
spongy bone
13
Q
the skull is what kind of bone
A
flat bone
14
Q
growth plate in bone
A
epiphyseal plate
15
Q
yellow marrow is mostly
A
fat
16
Q
in adults red bone marrow found in
A
the epiphysis in the spongy bones
17
Q
connect bone cells to a nutrient supply
A
canaliculi
18
Q
runs perpendicular to osteonic canal
A
perforating canal carrying blood vessels and nerves
19
Q
bone formation
A
ossification
20
Q
bone forming cells
A
osteoblasts
21
Q
bone groing wider
A
appositional growth
22
Q
bone destroying cells
A
osteoclasts
23
Q
hormone that is excreted when the body is low in calcium, causing osteoclasts to destroy bone material for calcium
A
parathyroid hormone
24
Q
what type of feedback is the release of pth to balance calcium levels?
A
negative feedback
25
high calcium levels
hypercalcema
26
closed (simple) fracture
break that doesn't break the skin
27
open (compound) fracture
bone penetrates the skin
28
closed reduction
bones are manually put back into place by a doctor
29
open reduction
bone is secured by pins and wires during surgery
30
steps of bone reparation
1) hematoma
2) fibrocartilage callus forms
3) bone callus forms bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts
4) bone remodeling
31
bone breaks into many fragments
comminuted
32
bone is crushed
compression
33
broken bone is pressed inward
depression
34
broken bone ends are pressed into each other
impacted
35
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
spiral
36
bone breaks incompletely
greenstick
37
three parts of axial skeleton
1) skull
2) vertebral column
3) bony thorax
38
holds skull bones together
sutures
39
only skull bone with a freely moving joint
mandible
40
bones that protect the brain
1) ethmoid
2) occipital
3) parietal
4) temporal
5) frontal
6) sphenoid
41
facial bones
```
Maxillae
Zygomatics
Palatines
Nasals
Lacrimals
Inferior nasal conchae
Mandible
Vomer
```
42
facial bones that protect sight
ethnoid and sphenoid
43
functions of paranasal sinuses
lightens skull
| amplifies sounds
44
functions of hyoid bone
moveable base for tongue
| aids in swallowing and speech
45
fetal skull is ____ of body length
1/4
46
hole in skull that spinal chord goes through
forman magnum
47
protects hearing nerves
acoustic meatus
48
houses jugular vein
jugular foramen
49
olefactory nerves go through
cribriform plate
50
connect cranial bones during first two years of life
fontanels
51
corative artery goes through the
coratoid canal
52
nerve responsible for hearing and balance
vestibulocochlear nerve
53
hearing nerve goes through the
acoustic meatus
54
factors that effect bone remodeling
blood calcium levels
| pull of gravity
55
____ vertebral bones
24
56
number and type of vertebral bones
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
57
sacrum a fusion of ___ vertebrae
5
58
coccyx fusion of ____ vertebrae
3-5
59
primary curvature
c shape like in newborns
60
Secondary curvature
S shape like in adults
61
back problem assosiated with old ladies
kyphosis
62
back problem assosiated with pregnancy
Lordosis
63
function of vertebral column
protect and support spinal chord
64
soft spot in baby's head that allows for smooth delivery and brain growth
fontanel
65
disks are this type of cartilage
fibrocartilage
66
5 distinguishing characteristics of vertebrae
1) Thoracic: more pronounced transverse process
2) Lumbar: Transverse process goes straight out
3) Thoracic: bigger spinous process
4) Cervical: reduced spinous process
5) Cervical: small body
67
atlas articulates with the
occipital condyle
68
ribs articulate with
the thoracic vertebrae and the sternum
69
true ribs
attatch to sternum 1-7
70
false ribs
share an articulation with the sternum 8-12
71
floating ribs
don't articulate with the sternum 11-12
72
clavical articulates with
scapula and sternum
73
shoulder is a ___
multi axial joint
74
labrum
rotator cuff
75
humerous articulates with
scapula, radius, and ulna
76
distal end of humerous
trochlea
77
keeps bones together when rotating forearm
interoseous membrane
78
wrist bones
carpals 8
79
palm
metacarpals 5
80
fingers
phalanges 14
81
bones that make up the pelvis
ilium, ischium, pubis
82
cartilage in the middle of the pelvis
pelvic symphysis
83
5 differences between male and female pelvis
1) female pelvis has larger inlet
2) shallower pelvis
3) sacrum is shorter and less curved
4) pubic arch more rounded
5) ilia flare out more laterally
84
femur articulates with
hip bone and tibia
85
tibia articulates with
femur,
86
heel bone
calcaneous bone
87
allows for flexion and extension of the foot
talus
88
arches in foot
two longitudinal and one transverse
89
function of joints
hold bones together
| allow for mobility
90
functional classifications of joints
Synarthroses-immovable
Amphiarthroses-slightly moveable
Diarthroses-freely moveable
91
structural classifications
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
92
gomphosis
tooth and mandible
93
sympheses is a
cartilaginous joint
94
types of synovial joints
```
plane-carpals
hinge-elbow
pivot-ulna and radius
condylar-finger wagging
saddle-wrist
ball and socket
```
95
immune system attacks joints
rheumatoid arthritis
96
most common arthritis
osteoarthritis
97
gout
uric crystals deposited on joints
98
thinning of bone
osteoporosis
