Chapter 2

Question 1

matter can be changed

Answer 1

physically or chemically

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

the ability to do work

Question 3

forms of energy

Answer 3

1)chemical 2)electrical 3) mechanical 4)radiant

Question 4

energy used in body

Answer 4

electrical and chemical

Question 5

4 elements that make up 96% of our body

Answer 5

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 6

Ionic bond

Answer 6

when an electron is completely transferred from one atom to another

Question 7

Covalent bond

Answer 7

atoms share an atom

Question 8

anion

Answer 8

negatively charged

Question 9

cation

Answer 9

positively charged

Question 10

hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

weak bonds that are attracted to negative poles. help form shapes of molecules

Question 11

synthesis reaction

Answer 11

two atoms or molecules combine

Question 12

decomposition reaction

Answer 12

two atoms or molecules split

Question 13

anabolic

Answer 13

forms something in the body

Question 14

catabolic

Answer 14

breaks something down in the body

Question 15

exchange reactions

Answer 15

mix of both synthesis and decomposition reactions where molecules are switched around

Question 16

longer arrow signifies

Answer 16

more rapid reaction

Question 17

factors that increase the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 17

temperature, concentration of the particles, smaller particles, catalyst

Question 18

inorganic compounds

Answer 18

no carbon, smaller

Question 19

organic compounds

Answer 19

have carbon. larger

Question 20

vital properties of water

Answer 20

high heat capacity, polarity properties (things dissolve in it), chemically reactive, cushion

Question 21

reactions that need water

Answer 21

hydrolysis reactions

Question 22

all salts are

Answer 22

electrolytes

Question 23

most common salts in body

Answer 23

those containing calcium and phosphorus

Question 24

are acids organic or inorganic?

Answer 24

inorganic

Question 25

paste of digested food that leaves the stomach

Answer 25

acidic chalmas

Question 26

acids release what type of ion?

Answer 26

H+

Question 27

Bases release what type of ion?

Answer 27

Hydroxyl OH-

Question 28

acids and bases react to form water and salt in a

Answer 28

neutralization reaction

Question 29

neutral ph #

Answer 29

7

Question 30

ph of blood

Answer 30

7.4

Question 31

below 7 is

Answer 31

acidic

Question 32

chemicals that regulate ph change

Answer 32

buffers

Question 33

polymer

Answer 33

chain like molecule made up of smaller units

Question 34

dehydration synthesis

Answer 34

water is removed to join monomers together

Question 35

hydrolysis

Answer 35

polymers are broken down by the addition of a water molecule

Question 36

carbohydrates contain

Answer 36

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen

Question 37

lipids are _____ in water

Answer 37

insoluble

Question 38

a single simple sugar chain

Answer 38

monosaccharide

Question 39

two simple sugars joined together

Answer 39

disaccharide

Question 40

long chain of simple sugars

Answer 40

polysaccharide

Question 41

triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids are all

Answer 41

lipids

Question 42

cholesterol is a

Answer 42

steroid

Question 43

neutral fats

Answer 43

triglycerides

Question 44

fat that has single covalent bonds

Answer 44

saturated fat

Question 45

fat that is liquid at room temperature

Answer 45

unsaturated fat

Question 46

____ fat can't be metabolized

Answer 46

trans

Question 47

fat that has double covalent bonds

Answer 47

unsaturated fat

Question 48

over half of the bodies matter is made of

Answer 48

proteins

Question 49

antibodies are

Answer 49

proteins

Question 50

amino acid chains with less than 50 amino acids are called

Answer 50

polypeptides

Question 51

collagen helps with

Answer 51

skin elaticity

Question 52

holds oxygen in red blood cells

Answer 52

hemoglobin

Question 53

_____ proteins are sensitive to heat and acid

Answer 53

globular

Question 54

protein that acts as a catalyst

Answer 54

enzymes

Question 55

names of enzymes end in

Answer 55

-ase

Question 56

largest molecules in the body

Answer 56

nucleic acids

Question 57

5 nitrogen bases

Answer 57

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 58

adenine goes with

Answer 58

thymine

Question 59

function of RNA

Answer 59

carries out the protein synthesis directed by the DNA

Question 60

3 types of RNA

Answer 60

messenger, ribosomal, transfer

Question 61

RNA substitutes _____ for Thymine

Answer 61

uracil

Question 62

most common work for atp

Answer 62

transport work