functions of body membranes
Cover body surfaces Line body cavities Form protective sheets around organs
skin is a ___ membrane
cutaneous
epidermis is made up of this type of cell
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
dermis is made up of
dense connective tissue like areolar tissue
mucus membrane lines
GI tract, lungs to capture particulates, body cavities that are exposed to the outside
serous membranes
lines body cavities closed to the outside,
surface simple squamous epithelium,
underneath is areolar connective tissue
layer of serous membrane that lines the outside of the organ
visceral layer
layer of serous membrane that lines body cavity
parietal layer
serous membrane around abodominal cavity
peritoneum
serous membrane around the lungs
pleura
serous membrane around the heart
pericardium
function of synovial joints
maintain proper alignment and function of joints
bursae
sac filled with synovial fluid surrounded by synovial membrane on left and right and hyaline cartilage on the top and bottom
function to protect muscles from being torn by the tendons being dragged across the muscle?
tendon sheathes
one function of the skin is to protect deeper tissue from
1) mechanical damage
2) Chemical damage
3) Bacteria damage
4) Ultraviolet radiation
5) Thermal damage
6) Dessication (drying out)
functions of the skin
1) protection of deeper tissue
2) aids in maintaining body temperature via sweat for heat loss or not allowing blood to flush for heat retention?
3) excretes urea and uric acid
4) synthesizes vitamin D
epidermis is ___ so we don’t bleed every time we hit our skin
avascular
most skin is ___ thin skin
thin skin
a sign of thin skin is the presence of
hair
___ layers in thick skin
5
___ layers in thin skin
4
the least sensitive skin is the
thick skin
hair follicles are part of the
epidermis
a blister happens when
the epidermis and the dermis separate causing intersitial fluid to fill the cavity
below the dermis is
subcutaneous tissue
functions of the hypodermis
shock absorption, anchor skin to underlying organs,
subcutaneous tissue is made up of
adipose tissue
most cells in epidermis are
keratinocytes
layer of epidermis where mitosis happens
stratum basale
layers of epidermis from bottom to top
Stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
cells become ____ and more _____ as they move up the layers of the epidermis
flatter, keratinized
epidermal layer only found in thick skin
stratum lucidum
cells have spiny appearance
spinosum
cells have granular appearance
granulosum
thinnest epidermal layer
stratum corneum
melanocytes are found in the
stratum basale
fine touch receptors
merkel cells/ disks
alert immune system cells to a threat in the epidermis
epidermal dendritic cells
layers of the dermis bottom to top
Reticular layer
Papillary layer
bottom layer of the dermis contains
blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, deep pressure receptors
dermal papillae function as
capillary loops for nutrients, pain receptors
responsible for fingerprints
dermal papillae
give skin toughness
collagen fibers
give skin elasticity
elastic fibers
pigaments that contribute to skin color
melanin
carortene
hemoglobin
another name for a bruise
hematoma
yellowing of the skin
Jaundice due to a liver disorder
pale skin due to emotional distress
pallor/ blanching
redness of the skin
erythema
relating to the skin
cutaneous
produce sebum (oil)
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
two types of sweat glands
eccrine: use ducts to excrete on skin surface. Found all over the body.
Apocrine gland: found mostly in genital and armpit areas. Empty into hair follicles. Secretion has fatty acids.
function of sweat
1) control body heat
2) excrete waste
3) acidic sweat kills bacteria
center layer of hair follicle
medulla
middle layer of hair follicle
cortex
outermost layer
cuticle
raises hair follicle up
arrector pili
two types of tissue repair
regeneration: replacement of tissue by same kind of cells
fibrosis: repair by dense connective tissue
steps in tissue repair
inflammation:cappillaries flood injury, clotting occurs
granulation tissue forms: New cappillaries grow, phagocytes dispose of blood clots, rebuild collagen fibers
regeneration of epithelial tissue: scab detatches
1st degree burn
only epidermis is burned
2nd degree burn
blisters present. epidermis and upper dermis is burnt
3rd degree burn
burns entire skin layer
burns are critical if
over 25% of body has 2nd degree burns
over 10% body has 3rd degree burns
3rd degree burns on face, hands, and feet
boils and carbuncle
caused by bacteria
impetigo
surface bacterial infection
cancer is either
benign: does not spread
malignant: spreads
most common type of cancer
skin
most common type of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma. from stratum basale
ABCD Rule
Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Color
Diameter
cancer caused by sun
squamous cell carcinoma: stratum spinosum
most deadly skin cancer
malignant melanoma
function of sebum
1)Lubricate skin 2)keep hair from becoming brittle 3) kill bacteria
nail growth occurs in the
nail matrix
part of the nail embedded in the skin
root of the nail
dangers of burns
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Circulatory shock
Psoriasis
Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
