Chapter 4

Question 1

functions of body membranes

Answer 1

Cover body surfaces Line body cavities Form protective sheets around organs

Question 2

skin is a ___ membrane

Answer 2

cutaneous

Question 3

epidermis is made up of this type of cell

Answer 3

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

dermis is made up of

Answer 4

dense connective tissue like areolar tissue

Question 5

mucus membrane lines

Answer 5

GI tract, lungs to capture particulates, body cavities that are exposed to the outside

Question 6

serous membranes

Answer 6

lines body cavities closed to the outside,
surface simple squamous epithelium,
underneath is areolar connective tissue

Question 7

layer of serous membrane that lines the outside of the organ

Answer 7

visceral layer

Question 8

layer of serous membrane that lines body cavity

Answer 8

parietal layer

Question 9

serous membrane around abodominal cavity

Answer 9

peritoneum

Question 10

serous membrane around the lungs

Answer 10

pleura

Question 11

serous membrane around the heart

Answer 11

pericardium

Question 12

function of synovial joints

Answer 12

maintain proper alignment and function of joints

Question 13

bursae

Answer 13

sac filled with synovial fluid surrounded by synovial membrane on left and right and hyaline cartilage on the top and bottom

Question 14

function to protect muscles from being torn by the tendons being dragged across the muscle?

Answer 14

tendon sheathes

Question 15

one function of the skin is to protect deeper tissue from

Answer 15

1) mechanical damage
2) Chemical damage
3) Bacteria damage
4) Ultraviolet radiation
5) Thermal damage
6) Dessication (drying out)

Question 16

functions of the skin

Answer 16

1) protection of deeper tissue
2) aids in maintaining body temperature via sweat for heat loss or not allowing blood to flush for heat retention?
3) excretes urea and uric acid
4) synthesizes vitamin D

Question 17

epidermis is ___ so we don’t bleed every time we hit our skin

Answer 17

avascular

Question 18

most skin is ___ thin skin

Answer 18

thin skin

Question 19

a sign of thin skin is the presence of

Answer 19

hair

Question 20

___ layers in thick skin

Answer 20

5

Question 21

___ layers in thin skin

Answer 21

4

Question 22

the least sensitive skin is the

Answer 22

thick skin

Question 23

hair follicles are part of the

Answer 23

epidermis

Question 24

a blister happens when

Answer 24

the epidermis and the dermis separate causing intersitial fluid to fill the cavity

Question 25

below the dermis is

Answer 25

subcutaneous tissue

Question 26

functions of the hypodermis

Answer 26

shock absorption, anchor skin to underlying organs,

Question 27

subcutaneous tissue is made up of

Answer 27

adipose tissue

Question 28

most cells in epidermis are

Answer 28

keratinocytes

Question 29

layer of epidermis where mitosis happens

Answer 29

stratum basale

Question 30

layers of epidermis from bottom to top

Answer 30

Stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum corneum

Question 31

cells become ____ and more _____ as they move up the layers of the epidermis

Answer 31

flatter, keratinized

Question 32

epidermal layer only found in thick skin

Answer 32

stratum lucidum

Question 33

cells have spiny appearance

Answer 33

spinosum

Question 34

cells have granular appearance

Answer 34

granulosum

Question 35

thinnest epidermal layer

Answer 35

stratum corneum

Question 36

melanocytes are found in the

Answer 36

stratum basale

Question 37

fine touch receptors

Answer 37

merkel cells/ disks

Question 38

alert immune system cells to a threat in the epidermis

Answer 38

epidermal dendritic cells

Question 39

layers of the dermis bottom to top

Answer 39

Reticular layer | Papillary layer

Question 40

bottom layer of the dermis contains

Answer 40

blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, deep pressure receptors

Question 41

dermal papillae function as

Answer 41

capillary loops for nutrients, pain receptors

Question 42

responsible for fingerprints

Answer 42

dermal papillae

Question 43

give skin toughness

Answer 43

collagen fibers

Question 44

give skin elasticity

Answer 44

elastic fibers

Question 45

pigaments that contribute to skin color

Answer 45

melanin carortene hemoglobin

Question 46

another name for a bruise

Answer 46

hematoma

Question 47

yellowing of the skin

Answer 47

Jaundice due to a liver disorder

Question 48

pale skin due to emotional distress

Answer 48

pallor/ blanching

Question 49

redness of the skin

Answer 49

erythema

Question 50

relating to the skin

Answer 50

cutaneous

Question 51

produce sebum (oil)

Answer 51

sebaceous glands

Question 52

sweat glands

Answer 52

sudoriferous glands

Question 53

two types of sweat glands

Answer 53

eccrine: use ducts to excrete on skin surface. Found all over the body. Apocrine gland: found mostly in genital and armpit areas. Empty into hair follicles. Secretion has fatty acids.

Question 54

function of sweat

Answer 54

1) control body heat 2) excrete waste 3) acidic sweat kills bacteria

Question 55

center layer of hair follicle

Answer 55

medulla

Question 56

middle layer of hair follicle

Answer 56

cortex

Question 57

outermost layer

Answer 57

cuticle

Question 58

raises hair follicle up

Answer 58

arrector pili

Question 59

two types of tissue repair

Answer 59

regeneration: replacement of tissue by same kind of cells fibrosis: repair by dense connective tissue

Question 60

steps in tissue repair

Answer 60

inflammation:cappillaries flood injury, clotting occurs granulation tissue forms: New cappillaries grow, phagocytes dispose of blood clots, rebuild collagen fibers regeneration of epithelial tissue: scab detatches

Question 61

1st degree burn

Answer 61

only epidermis is burned

Question 62

2nd degree burn

Answer 62

blisters present. epidermis and upper dermis is burnt

Question 63

3rd degree burn

Answer 63

burns entire skin layer

Question 64

burns are critical if

Answer 64

over 25% of body has 2nd degree burns over 10% body has 3rd degree burns 3rd degree burns on face, hands, and feet

Question 65

boils and carbuncle

Answer 65

caused by bacteria

Question 66

impetigo

Answer 66

surface bacterial infection

Question 67

cancer is either

Answer 67

benign: does not spread malignant: spreads

Question 68

most common type of cancer

Answer 68

skin

Question 69

most common type of skin cancer

Answer 69

basal cell carcinoma. from stratum basale

Question 70

ABCD Rule

Answer 70

Asymmetry Border Irregularity Color Diameter

Question 71

cancer caused by sun

Answer 71

squamous cell carcinoma: stratum spinosum

Question 72

most deadly skin cancer

Answer 72

malignant melanoma

Question 73

function of sebum

Answer 73

1)Lubricate skin 2)keep hair from becoming brittle 3) kill bacteria

Question 74

nail growth occurs in the

Answer 74

nail matrix

Question 75

part of the nail embedded in the skin

Answer 75

root of the nail

Question 76

dangers of burns

Answer 76

Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Circulatory shock

Question 77

Psoriasis

Answer 77

Triggered by trauma, infection, stress