ingestion
taking in food
absorbtion
movement of nutrients into the bloodstream
digestion
breaking down food into nutrient molecules
defecation
elimination of indigestible waste
two groups of organs
alimentary canal
accessory organs
space between lips and teeth
vestibule
tonsils
patine: back of oral cavity
lingual: base of tongue
propels food down esophagus
peristalsis
mucosa is made of
simple columnar/ stratified squamous in the esophagus
pharynx has
2 muscle layers that are voluntary
nerve plexus
regulate mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs
rugae
internal folds of the mucosa present when
the stomach is empty
the muscularis externa has
3 layers of muscle in the stomach
produce hydrochloric acid
parietal cells
produce pepsinogens
chief cells
produce gastrin
enteroendocrine cells
chemical digestion begins in the
small intestine
produce alkaline mucus to lubricate the passage of feces
goblet cells
baby teeth
20
adult teeth
32
saliva helps digest
starch
outside of the main flow
retro-peritoneal
largest gland
liver
pancreas produces
insulin
glucagon
lobes in the liver
4
function of bile
emulsify fats
high levels of glucose
hyperglycemia
low glucose
hypoglycemia
glycogen formation
glycogenesis
glycogen splitting
glycogenolysis
forming new sugar
gluconeogenesis
function of cholesterol
structural basis for vitamin d, plasma membranes, and steroid hormones
