Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

ingestion

A

taking in food

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2
Q

absorbtion

A

movement of nutrients into the bloodstream

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3
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food into nutrient molecules

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4
Q

defecation

A

elimination of indigestible waste

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5
Q

two groups of organs

A

alimentary canal

accessory organs

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6
Q

space between lips and teeth

A

vestibule

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7
Q

tonsils

A

patine: back of oral cavity
lingual: base of tongue

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8
Q

propels food down esophagus

A

peristalsis

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9
Q

mucosa is made of

A

simple columnar/ stratified squamous in the esophagus

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10
Q

pharynx has

A

2 muscle layers that are voluntary

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11
Q

nerve plexus

A

regulate mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs

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12
Q

rugae

A

internal folds of the mucosa present when

the stomach is empty

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13
Q

the muscularis externa has

A

3 layers of muscle in the stomach

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14
Q

produce hydrochloric acid

A

parietal cells

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15
Q

produce pepsinogens

A

chief cells

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16
Q

produce gastrin

A

enteroendocrine cells

17
Q

chemical digestion begins in the

A

small intestine

18
Q

produce alkaline mucus to lubricate the passage of feces

A

goblet cells

19
Q

baby teeth

20
Q

adult teeth

21
Q

saliva helps digest

22
Q

outside of the main flow

A

retro-peritoneal

23
Q

largest gland

24
Q

pancreas produces

A

insulin

glucagon

25
lobes in the liver
4
26
function of bile
emulsify fats
27
high levels of glucose
hyperglycemia
28
low glucose
hypoglycemia
29
glycogen formation
glycogenesis
30
glycogen splitting
glycogenolysis
31
forming new sugar
gluconeogenesis
32
function of cholesterol
structural basis for vitamin d, plasma membranes, and steroid hormones