Exam 1 intro

Question 1

What are the different types of study designs?

Answer 1

• Meta analysis
• Randomized control trial
• Cohort Study
• Case Control
• Cross Sectional

Question 2

What is a meta analysis study design?

Answer 2

A way of combining data from many different research studies

Question 3

What is a randomized trial?

Answer 3

A controlled clinical trial that randomly (by chance) assigns participants to two or more groups

Question 4

What is a cohort study?

Answer 4

A clinical research study in which people who presently have a certain condition or receive a particular treatment are followed over time and compared with another group of people who are not affected by the condition

Question 5

What is a Case Control Study

Answer 5

Case-control studies begin with the outcomes and do not follow people over time

Question 6

What is a Cross Sectional design?

Answer 6

The observation of a defined population at a single point in time or time interval

Question 7

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 7

a proposition made as a basis for reasoning, without any assumption of its truth.
“A low calorie diet will cause weight loss in obese subjects.”

Question 8

Explain the general digestion and absorption process

Answer 8

Digestion
Absorption
Transportation
Storage
Metabolism

Question 9

What are the 3 monosaccharides? (simple sugars)

Answer 9

glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 10

What are the 3 disaccharides?

Answer 10

Maltose (glucose and glucose)
Sucrose (glucose and fructose)
Lactose (glucose and galactose)

Question 11

How are carbs digested?

Answer 11

1. broken down to monosaccharide
2. Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase
3. Disaccharides are hydrolyzed
4. undigested carbs can be sent to large intestine

Question 12

How are carbs absorbed?

Answer 12

1. Small intestine – mainly in the jejunum
2. Monosaccharides are absorbed (glucose, fructose, and galactose)
3. Absorbed by the enterocyte

Question 13

How are blood glucose levels regulated?

Answer 13

1. Insulin:
   Tissues uptake glucose
   Store as glycogen (Liver and muscle)
   Store excess as fat
2. Glucagon:
   Release liver glycogen stores as glucose for the body to use
   Increase lipolysis

Question 14

What happens with people with type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

Over time the insulin receptors on the cells become resistant to the signaling
Signaling of insulin to bring the GLUT4 receptors to the cell surface no longer works correctly
Less glucose is taken up by these cells
Blood glucose levels remain high