Exam 1 (final) Flashcards
- Insulin causes
Glucose to be converted to glycogen in the liver, excess glucose is converted and stored as excess fat
Insulin sensitive cells to take up glucose
Hormonal responses to decrease food intake
- What is the hormone that is released when there are high levels of glucose in the blood?
Insulin
- In insulin resistant patients (type 2 diabetes) the insulin receptors on insulin sensitive cells become resistant to insulin signaling and the upregulation of the insulin sensitive glucose receptor to the cell membrane no longer works correctly.
True or False?
True
- What difference in fructose metabolism in the liver as compared to glucose metabolism is a potential reason why fructose could increase lipogenesis?
A. Fructose is not metabolized by the liver
- What started the debate that there is a unique relationship between HFCS and obesity?
A. A commentary written in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showing a correlation between HFCS intake and obesity prevalence
- What benefits do the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by the gut bacteria from fermentable fibers have
A. Regulate sodium and water absorption
B. Enhance the absorption of calcium and other minerals
C. Lower the colonic pH
- What is the max amount of protein to consume at one time to get the most benefits (specifically muscle protein synthesis (MPS))
A. 20-25 g
- What is the controversy behind NCGS (non-celiac gluten sensitivity) based on? *for one bonus point list one reason why it is hard to study NCGS
Answer – is it really a different clinical entity than celiac disease and IBS (is it the earliest form of celiac disease, is it a subgroup of IBS), is gluten really the trigger for GI symptoms, or is it something else in wheat (FODMAPs); lack of evidence that gluten is the cause. Bonus – people go on a gluten free diet without medical advice, no biomarkers for testing, symptoms similar to IBS and celiac
- Based on the information presented in class, did we conclude that there is a NCGS (non-celiac gluten sensitivity)
maybe
- What is gluten
A. Protein from wheat grains
- Based on scientific evidence (scientific studies), gluten free diets help people without celiac disease or gluten sensitivity lose weight
False –
• no published studies/support from studies, do not
- Scientific literature is peer reviewed before it is published
true
•
- The body cannot tell the difference between added sugars and naturally occurring sugars
true
- What percent of total calorie intake do the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend to come from added sugars?
A. 10%
- According to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) overconsumption of added sugars has been linked with which of the following negative health outcomes
A. Increased body weight
B. Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
