What are the different types of study designs?
- Meta analysis
- Randomized control trial
- Cohort Study
- Case Control
- Cross Sectional
What is a meta analysis study design?
A way of combining data from many different research studies
What is a randomized trial?
A controlled clinical trial that randomly (by chance) assigns participants to two or more groups
What is a cohort study?
A clinical research study in which people who presently have a certain condition or receive a particular treatment are followed over time and compared with another group of people who are not affected by the condition
What is a Case Control Study
Case-control studies begin with the outcomes and do not follow people over time
What is a Cross Sectional design?
The observation of a defined population at a single point in time or time interval
What is a hypothesis?
a proposition made as a basis for reasoning, without any assumption of its truth.
“A low calorie diet will cause weight loss in obese subjects.”
Explain the general digestion and absorption process
Digestion Absorption Transportation Storage Metabolism
What are the 3 monosaccharides? (simple sugars)
glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What are the 3 disaccharides?
Maltose (glucose and glucose)
Sucrose (glucose and fructose)
Lactose (glucose and galactose)
How are carbs digested?
- broken down to monosaccharide
- Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase
- Disaccharides are hydrolyzed
- undigested carbs can be sent to large intestine
How are carbs absorbed?
- Small intestine – mainly in the jejunum
- Monosaccharides are absorbed (glucose, fructose, and galactose)
- Absorbed by the enterocyte
How are blood glucose levels regulated?
- Insulin:
Tissues uptake glucose
Store as glycogen (Liver and muscle)
Store excess as fat - Glucagon:
Release liver glycogen stores as glucose for the body to use
Increase lipolysis
What happens with people with type 2 diabetes?
Over time the insulin receptors on the cells become resistant to the signaling
Signaling of insulin to bring the GLUT4 receptors to the cell surface no longer works correctly
Less glucose is taken up by these cells
Blood glucose levels remain high
