Where do we get minerals from?
plants, water, indirectly from plants through animals, eating wide variety of foods
What do minerals function as?
essential for bone and teeth, fluid balance, blood clotting
what do some minerals act as?
electrolytes
Which is the determinant of extracellular fluid volume?
sodium
What can you change in your life besides altering sodium and potassium to reduce blood pressure?
weight loss, DASH diet, physical activity, moderation of alcohol consumption
Where does most of the sodium in our diet come from?
it comes from the added salt during processing of foods
Do salty foods always taste salty?
no
What did the IOM find when they reviewed the evidence to determine if there was evidence to support lower than 2300 mg/d intake levels?
they concluded that 2300 mg/d for the general public is fine, but not for those with hypertension or diabetes. The
Did the IOM find that the data supported a positive relationship between high intakes of sodium and CVD?
yes they did and it was consistent with evidence on blood pressure
How much energy is needed for the sodium potassium pump?
20-40% of the resting energy expenditure for a normal adult!
How are potassium and sodium
related?
An increased intake of one mineral will result in an increased excretion of the other mineral.
How is vitamin D involved in calcium and phosphorus regulation?
Needed for bone mineralization
Stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium
With parathyroid hormone (PTH), activated osteoclasts to mobilized calcium from bone
With PTH, reabsorb calcium in the kidneys
What are Phytates?
considered an “anti-nutrient”, storage form of phosphorus in plants
Why can we not get phosphate from phytates?
humans lack the enzymes
What is the relationship between phosphorus and all cause mortality?
Higher phosphorus intake was associated with higher all cause mortality
Higher phosphorus density was associated with higher all cause mortality
