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Nutrition Concept and Controversies > Minerals > Flashcards

Flashcards in Minerals Deck (15)
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1
Q

Where do we get minerals from?

A

plants, water, indirectly from plants through animals, eating wide variety of foods

2
Q

What do minerals function as?

A

essential for bone and teeth, fluid balance, blood clotting

3
Q

what do some minerals act as?

A

electrolytes

4
Q

Which is the determinant of extracellular fluid volume?

A

sodium

5
Q

What can you change in your life besides altering sodium and potassium to reduce blood pressure?

A

weight loss, DASH diet, physical activity, moderation of alcohol consumption

6
Q

Where does most of the sodium in our diet come from?

A

it comes from the added salt during processing of foods

7
Q

Do salty foods always taste salty?

A

no

8
Q

What did the IOM find when they reviewed the evidence to determine if there was evidence to support lower than 2300 mg/d intake levels?

A

they concluded that 2300 mg/d for the general public is fine, but not for those with hypertension or diabetes. The

9
Q

Did the IOM find that the data supported a positive relationship between high intakes of sodium and CVD?

A

yes they did and it was consistent with evidence on blood pressure

10
Q

How much energy is needed for the sodium potassium pump?

A

20-40% of the resting energy expenditure for a normal adult!

11
Q

How are potassium and sodium

related?

A

An increased intake of one mineral will result in an increased excretion of the other mineral.

12
Q

How is vitamin D involved in calcium and phosphorus regulation?

A

Needed for bone mineralization
Stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium
With parathyroid hormone (PTH), activated osteoclasts to mobilized calcium from bone
With PTH, reabsorb calcium in the kidneys

13
Q

What are Phytates?

A

considered an “anti-nutrient”, storage form of phosphorus in plants

14
Q

Why can we not get phosphate from phytates?

A

humans lack the enzymes

15
Q

What is the relationship between phosphorus and all cause mortality?

A

Higher phosphorus intake was associated with higher all cause mortality
Higher phosphorus density was associated with higher all cause mortality