Chapter 12 - The Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

cells that perform exocrine function

A

acini cells

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2
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates

A

amylase

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3
Q

lies in the midepigastrium anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava

A

body of the pancreas

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4
Q

branch of the splenic artery that supplies the tail of the pancreas

A

caudal pancreatic artery

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5
Q

forms the lateral border of the head of the pancreas

A

C-loop of the duodenum

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6
Q

artery arising from the celiac trunk to supply the liver; forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery

A

common hepatic artery

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7
Q

enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progressive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head

A

Courvoisier’s sign (Courvoisier’s gallbladder)

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8
Q

inherited disorder of the exocrine glands; symptoms include mucous buildup within the lungs and other areas of the body; identified as fatty replacement of the glands

A

cystic fibrosis

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9
Q

branch of the splenic artery that supplies the body of the pancreas

A

dorsal pancreatic artery

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10
Q

small accessory duct of the pancreas found in the head of the pancreas

A

duct of Santorini

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11
Q

largest duct of the pancreas that drains the tail, body, and head of the gland; it joins the common bile duct to enter the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater

A

duct of Wirsung

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12
Q

function of the pancreas is production of the hormone insulin

A

endocrine

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13
Q

function of the pancreas is production and digestion of pancreatic juice; primary function of the pancreas

A

exocrine

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14
Q

hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose; produced by alpha cells

A

glucagon

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15
Q

lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border and the common bile duct is the posterolateral border

A

head of the pancreas

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16
Q

elevated levels of calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

17
Q

congenital condition in which elevated fat levels cause pancreatitis

A

hyperlipidemia

18
Q

dilated loops of bowel without peristalsis; associated with various abdominal problems, including pancreatitis, sickle cell crisis, and bowel obstruction

A

ileus

19
Q

hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allows circulating glucose to enter tissue cells

A

insulin

20
Q

portion of the pancreas that has an endocrine function and produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

A

islets of Langerhans

21
Q

pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats; enzyme is elevated in pancreatitis and remains increased longer than amylase

A

lipase

22
Q

a malignant neoplasm that rises from the lymphoid tissues

A

lymphoma

23
Q

small area of the pancreas between the head and the body; anterior to the superior mesenteric vein

A

neck of the pancreas

24
Q

excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream caused by an obstruction of bile from the liver; characterized by a yellow discoloration of the sclera of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes

A

obstructive jaundice

25
Q

fluid accumulation caused by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

A

pancreatic ascites

26
Q

“sterile abscess” collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in the abdomen (usually in or near the pancreas)

A

pancreatic pseudocyst

27
Q

help supply blood to the pancreas along with the splenic artery

A

pancreaticoduodenal arteries

28
Q

inflammation of the pancreas; may be acute or chronic

A

pancreatitis

29
Q

junction of the splenic and main portal vein; posterior border of the body of the pancreas

A

portal-splenic confluence

30
Q

a space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane

A

pseudocyst

31
Q

pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis

A

serum amylase

32
Q

serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas

A

superior mesenteric artery

33
Q

lies posterior to the neck/body of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process of the gland

A

superior mesenteric vein

34
Q

tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney

A

tail of the pancreas

35
Q

small, curved tip of the pancreatic head that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vein

A

uncinate process

36
Q

abnormal increase in white blood cells caused by infections

A

leukocytosis