Chapter 45 - The Role of Sonography in Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

bleeding from a normally situated placenta as a result of its complete or partial detachment after the 20th week of gestation

A

abruptio placentae

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2
Q

aspiration of a sample of amniotic fluid through the mother’s abdomen for diagnostic analysis of fetal genetics, maturity, and/or disease

A

amniocentesis

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3
Q

smooth membrane enclosing the fetus and amniotic fluid; it is loosely fused with the outer chorionic membrane except at the placental insertion of the umbilical cord, where the amnion is contiguous with the membranes surrounding the umbilical cord

A

amnion

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4
Q

a neural tube defect where absence of the brain, including the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and basal ganglia, may be present

A

anencephaly

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5
Q

fetal syndromes associated with an abnormal number of chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

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6
Q

the ligatures around the cervix uteri used to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy

A

cerclage

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7
Q

inferior segment of the uterus, which is normally more than 3.5 cm long during pregnancy, decreasing in length during labor

A

cervix

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8
Q

cellular, outermost extraembryonic membrane, composed of trophoblast lined with mesoderm; the outer chorion (villous chorion) develops villi, which are vascularized by allantoic vessels and give rise to the placenta; the inner chorion (the smooth chorion) is fused with the amnion except at the placental cord insertion

A

chorion

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9
Q

a functional structure within the normal ovary, which is formed from cells lining the graafian follicle after ovulation; the corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone and may become enlarged and appear cystic during early pregnancy

A

corpus luteum

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10
Q

vascular structure within the fetal liver that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and return directly to the heart

A

ductus venosus

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11
Q

developing individual from implantation to the end of the 9th week of gestation

A

embryo

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12
Q

age of embryo stated as time from day of conception

A

embryonic age (conception age)

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13
Q

length of pregnancy defined in the United States as number of weeks from first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP)

A

gestational (menstrual) age

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14
Q

structure lined by the chorion that normally implants within the uterine decidua and contains the developing embryo

A

gestational sac

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15
Q

total number of pregnancies

A

gravidity (G)

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16
Q

abnormal conception in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi

A

hydatidiform mole

17
Q

a condition in which the cervix dilates silently during the second trimester; without intervention, the membranes bulge through the cervix and rupture, and the fetus drops out, resulting in a premature preterm delivery

A

incompetent cervix

18
Q

reduced growth rate (symmetrical IUGR) or abnormal growth pattern (asymmetrical IUGR) of the fetus, resulting in a small for gestational age (SGA) infant

A

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

19
Q

thin expanded lower portion of the uterus that forms in the last trimester of pregnancy

A

lower uterine segment

20
Q

exceptionally large infant with excessive fat deposition in the subcutaneous tissue; most frequently seen in fetuses of diabetic mothers

A

macrosomia

21
Q

one of several biochemical tests used to assess fetal risk for aneuploidy or fetal defect; a component of the “quad screen,” the normal value of MSAFP varies with gestational age; assessment of gestational age is essential for accurate interpretation of results

A

maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)

22
Q

a collection of fluid that extends behind the fetal neck and along the spine in the first trimester

A

nuchal translucency

23
Q

reduced amount of amniotic fluid

A

oligohydramnios

24
Q

number of live births

A

parity (P)

25
Q

organ of communication in which nutrition and products of metabolism are interchanged between the fetal and maternal blood systems; is formed from the chorion frondosum with a maternal decidual contribution

A

placenta

26
Q

placental implantation encroaches upon the lower uterine segment; if the placenta presents first in late pregnancy, bleeding is inevitable

A

placenta previa

27
Q

excessive amount of amniotic fluid

A

polyhydramnios

28
Q

maternal serum biochemical levels in the second trimester of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), estriol, and inhibin A

A

quad screen

29
Q

a 40-week pregnancy is divided into three 13-week periods from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (weeks 1 through 13, first trimester; weeks 14 through 27, second trimester; week 28 to term, third trimester)

A

trimester

30
Q

connecting lifeline between the fetus and placenta; it contains two umbilical arteries, which carry deoxygenated fetal blood, and one umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated fetal blood encased in Wharton’s jelly

A

umbilical cord

31
Q

a circular structure within the gestational sac seen sonographically between 4 and 10 weeks’ gestational age; the yolk sac supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal, and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; it lies between the chorion and the amnion

A

yolk sac

32
Q

products of conception from fertilization through implantation; the zygotic stage of pregnancy lasts for approximately 12 days after conception

A

zygote