Chapter 11 - The Gallbladder and the Biliary System

Question 1

small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall

Answer 1

adenomyomatosis

Question 2

small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common bile duct enter to release secretions

Answer 2

ampulla of Vater

Question 3

yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells

Answer 3

bilirubin

Question 4

inflammation of the bile duct

Answer 4

cholangitis

Question 5

removal of the gallbladder

Answer 5

cholecystectomy

Question 6

inflammation of the gallbladder; may be acute or chronic

Answer 6

cholecystitis

Question 7

hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

Answer 7

cholecystokinin

Question 8

cystic growth of the common duct that may cause obstruction

Answer 8

choledochal cyst

Question 9

stones in the bile duct

Answer 9

choledocholithiasis

Question 10

gallstones in the gallbladder

Answer 10

cholelithiasis

Question 11

variant of adenomyomatosis; cholesterol polyps; also called cholesterosis

Answer 11

cholesterolosis

Question 12

extends from the point where the common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct; drains into the duodenum after it joins with the main pancreatic duct

Answer 12

common bile duct

Question 13

refers to common bile or hepatic ducts when the cystic duct is not seen

Answer 13

common duct

Question 14

bile duct system that drains the liver into the common bile duct

Answer 14

common hepatic duct

Question 15

connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

Answer 15

cystic duct

Question 16

storage pouch for bile

Answer 16

gallbladder (GB)

Question 17

small part of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stones may collect

Answer 17

Hartmann’s pouch

Question 18

tiny valves found within the cystic duct

Answer 18

Heister’s valves

Question 19

massive enlargement of the gallbladder

Answer 19

hydrops

Question 20

excessive bilirubin accumulation that causes yellow pigmentation of the skin; first seen in the whites of the eyes

Answer 20

jaundice

Question 21

small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall

Answer 21

junctional fold

Question 22

cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetric obstruction of the biliary tree

Answer 22

Klatskin’s tumor

Question 23

positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpation

Answer 23

Murphy’s sign

Question 24

travels horizontally through the pancreas to join the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater

Answer 24

pancreatic duct

Question 25

gallbladder variant in which part of the fundus is bent back on itself

Answer 25

Phrygian cap

Question 26

small, well-defined soft tissue projection from the gallbladder wall

Answer 26

polyps of the gallbladder

Question 27

calcification of the gallbladder wall

Answer 27

porcelain gallbladder

Question 28

central area of the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter

Answer 28

porta hepatis

Question 29

low-level echoes found along the posterior margin of the gallbladder; move with change in position

Answer 29

sludge

Question 30

small muscle that guards the ampulla of Vater

Answer 30

sphincter of Oddi

Question 31

sonographic pattern found when the gallbladder is packed with stones

Answer 31

wall echo shadow (WES) sign