Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

genetics

A

the study of the inheritance, heredity, of living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

purpose of gentics

A
  • transmission of biological properties from the parent to offspring
  • expression and variation of those traits
  • the structure and function of the genetic material and how this material changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the genetic material of a cell that is found in several different forms, with the majority existing as large complexes of DNA and proteins?

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sum total of the genetic material residing in chromosomes?

A

genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a site on a chromosome that provides information for a certain cell function

A

gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a specific segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to make a protein or RNA molecule

A

gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the genetic makeup of an organism

A

genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the genotype responsible for in an organism?

A

organism’s phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phenotype

A

the observable characteristics of an organism produced by the interaction between the genetic potential and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How any genes are in a single chromosome of E. Coli

A

4,288 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many genes are distributed into 36 chromosomes in humans?

A

30,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA structure

A

nitrogen base, five carbon sugar, nucelotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA replication

A

DNA copies itself just before cellular division by the process of semiconservative replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are types of RNA molecules?

A

nRNA, tRNA, rRNA, primer and ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What RNA molecule carries the DNA master code to the ribosome?

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What RNA molecule produces a cloverleaf tRNA to carry aminoacids to ribisome during translation

A

tRNA

17
Q

What RNA molecule make a ribosome and participate in protein synthesis?

A

rRNA

18
Q

What is a primer?

A

an RNA that can can begin DNA replication

19
Q

Where does protein synthesis?

A

ribosomes

20
Q

Flow of genetic information

A

DNA replication, Transcription, translation

21
Q

what is the process by which a strand of RNA is produced from a DNA template?

A

transcription

22
Q

What is the process of decoding the messenger RNA into a polypeptide?

A

translation

23
Q

The split gene of eukatyotes

A

coding sequences are interrupted at intervals by segments called introns that are not part o the protein’s code

24
Q

Introns are transcribed or translated?

A

transcribed

25
Q

Before translation, what is removed by RNA splicing enzymes?

A

introns

26
Q

what are some types of operons?

A

inducible and repressible

27
Q

What is a coordinated set of genes, all of which are regulated as a single unti?

A

operon

28
Q

Control of a gene through excess nutrient?

A

a repressible operon

29
Q

what gave proof that the environment has a great influence on gene expression?

A

a repressible operon

30
Q

By what two means changes in the genetic code?

A

mutation and genetic recombination

31
Q

What are some types of mutations?

A

point mutation, nonsense mutation, and frameshift mutation

32
Q

Which mutation involves the loss, substitution or addition of one or a few nucleotides?

A

point mutation

33
Q

In point mutation does genotype of phenotype changes?

A

genotype

34
Q

What mutation changes an amino acid producing codon into a stop codon leading to a premature termination of a protein?

A

nonsense mutation?

35
Q

What mutation inserts and deletes the codon reading frame from the point of the mutation to the final codon?

A

frameshift mutation

36
Q

What processes do prokaryotes use for genetic recombination?

A

tranformation, conjunction, and transduction

37
Q

Genes that can relocate from one part of the genome to another, causing rearrangement of genetic material?

A

transposons

38
Q

palindromes

A

inverted repeats of an order of nitrogen bases

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions