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Neuro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the spinal cord?

A

CN XI [accessory nucleus is found at C1 - C4 spinal cord levels]

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2
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the medulla oblongata?

A

CN IX, X, XII

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3
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CN VI, VII, VIII

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4
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the pontocerebellar angle?

A

CN VII and VIII

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5
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the pons?

A

CN V, VII

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6
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the midbrain?

A

CN III, IV

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7
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the diencephalon?

A

CN II

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8
Q

Cranial nerve(s) arising from the telencephalon?

A

CN I

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9
Q

Signs of Foster Kennedy syndrome?

A

(olfactory groove meningioma), IL anosmia, IL optic atrophy, CL papilledema

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10
Q

Cranial nerve sensory ganglia?

A

TGIS9+10: Trigeminal (CN V), Geniculate (CN VII), Inferior and Superior ganglia (of CN IX, X)

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11
Q

Cranial nerve motor (i.e. parasympathetic) ganglia?

A

COPS: Ciliary (CN III), Otic (CN IX), Pterygopalatine (CN VII), Submandibular (CN VII) and Intramural (CN X)

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12
Q

Nerves traversing the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI

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13
Q

Nerves traversing the supraorbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1 [ophthalmic] and VI

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14
Q

Nerves traversing the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, VI, V1 [ophthalmic] and V2 [maxillary] + internal carotid plexus [sympathetic]

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15
Q

Nerve traversing the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 [maxillary]

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16
Q

Nerve traversing the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 [mandibular]

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17
Q

Nerves traversing the foramen magnum?

A

CN XI + sympathetic plexus on vertebral artery

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18
Q

Nerves traversing the internal auditory meatus?

A

CN VII, VIII

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19
Q

Nerve traversing the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN VII

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20
Q

Brainstem Nuclei for CN III?

A

oculomotor, Edinger-Westphal

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21
Q

Brainstem Nucleus for CN IV?

A

trochlear

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22
Q

What CN decussates before exiting the brainstem?

A

CN IV

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23
Q

Brainstem Nuclei for CN V?

A

chief sensory nucleus, mesencephalic, spinal trigeminal, trigeminal motor nucleus

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24
Q

Brainstem Nucleus for CN VI?

A

abducens

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25
Q

Brainstem Nuclei for CN VII?

A

facial, superior salivatory, spinal trigeminal, solitary

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26
Q

Brainstem Nuclei for CN IX?

A

nucleus ambiguous, inferior salivatory, spinal trigeminal, solitary

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27
Q

Brainstem Nuclei for CN X?

A

nucleus ambiguous, dorsal vagal, spinal trigeminal, solitary

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28
Q

Nucleus for CN XI?

A

accessory nucleus (cervical spinal cord)

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29
Q

Brainstem Nucleus for CN XII?

A

hypoglossal

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30
Q

Muscles innervated by CN III?

A

levator palpebrae, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, ciliary muscle, constrictor pupillae

31
Q

Three components of the near triad?

A

3 by III; convergance of eyes, pupillary constriction, contraction of ciliary muscle

32
Q

Muscle innervated by CN IV?

A

superior oblique

33
Q

Action of muscle innervated by CN IV?

A

intorsion, abduction and depression [turns pupil down and out]

34
Q

Action to test muscle innervated by CN IV?

A

adduct and depress [in and then down]

35
Q

Muscle innervated by CN VI?

A

lateral rectus

36
Q

Signs of compressive injury to CN III?

A

dilated pupil with normal eye movements

37
Q

Signs of diabetic infarct in CN III?

A

oculomotor palsy with normal pupil

38
Q

Sign of injury to CN IV?

A

diplopia worse when walking down stairs; improves with head tilt to opposite side

39
Q

Sign of injury to CN VI?

A

diplopia improves with head turn towards paralyzed muscle

40
Q

Location of horizontal gaze center?

A

pons

41
Q

Location of vertical gaze center?

A

midbrain

42
Q

Signs of Argyll-Robertson pupil?

A

pupil accomadates but doesn’t react [to light]; tertiary syphillis, aka. “prostitutes pupil”

43
Q

Signs of internuclear opthalmoplegia?

A

Injury to MLF [demyelination in MS] - on leftward gaze: right eye does not adduct (convergance intact)

44
Q

Structures injured in “one-and-a-half” syndrome?

A

abducens nucleus and both MLF

45
Q

Signs of injury to the right abducens nerve?

A

IL CN VI palsy: cannot abduct eye

46
Q

Sign of injury to right abducens nucleus?

A

on rightward gaze: R eye does not abduct, L eye does not adduct

47
Q

Eye movement deficits in right medial pontine syndrome?

A

on rightward gaze: R eye does not abduct, L eye does not adduct + on leftward gaze R eye does not adduct

48
Q

Three causes of ptosis?

A

CN III palsy, Horner syndrome, myasthenia gravis

49
Q

Muscles innervated by CN V?

A

temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid, ant digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatinin, mylohyoid

50
Q

Motor signs with CN V injury?

A

asymmetric jaw closing (deviates to good side), atrophy of temporalis, masseter

51
Q

Muscles innervated by CN VII?

A

muscles of facial expression, post digastic, stylohyoid, stapedius

52
Q

Motor signs with CN VII injury?

A

Bell’s palsy: complete facial paralysis - can’t smile or wrinkle forehead

53
Q

Muscle innervated by CN IX?

A

stylopharyngeus

54
Q

Motor signs with CN IX injury?

A

dysphagia

55
Q

Skeleteal muscles innervated by CN X?

A

levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, pharyngeal, laryngeal + esophageal

56
Q

Motor signs with CN X injury?

A

dysphagia, hoarsness, sagging palate, uvula deviates to opposite side

57
Q

Muscles innervated by CN XI?

A

trapezius, SCM

58
Q

Motor signs with injury to CN XI?

A

weakness shrugging shoulder, cannot abduct humerus beyond 90, weakness turning head to opposite side

59
Q

Muscles innervated by CN XII?

A

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, instrinsic tongue muscles

60
Q

Motor signs with CN XII injury?

A

tongue deviates to side of lesion on protrusion, atrophy of tongue muscles [compare to UMN injury]

61
Q

Skin innervated by CN V?

A

face [V1 - forehead, upper eyelid + nose; V2 - cheek, lower eyelid, upper lip; V3 - jaw, lower lip]

62
Q

Skin innervated by CN VII, IX and X?

A

small area around ear

63
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

A

herpes infection in the geniculate ganglion = blisters on pinna

64
Q

Signs of Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

A

IL facial paralysis, hyperacusis, loss of taste, herpes vesicles on external ear, canal

65
Q

Viscera innervated by CN III?

A

sphincter pupillar, ciliary muscle

66
Q

Viscera innervated by CN VII?

A

mucosa of nasal cavity, oral cavity, lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands

67
Q

Viscera innervated by CN IX?

A

parotid gland, mucosa of middle ear, mucosa of oropharynx

68
Q

Viscera innervated by CN X?

A

mucosa of larynx, pharynx, all viscera of foregut and midgut

69
Q

CN/ganglia/nucleus for taste at the anterior 2/3s of tongue?

A

CN VII/geniculate/solitary

70
Q

General sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

CN V

71
Q

CN/ganglia/nucleus for taste at the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX/inferior ganglion of IX/solitary

72
Q

Signs of CN VII injury at the internal auditory meatus?

A

IL complete facial paralysis, dry eye, dry mouth, hyperacusis, decreased taste on ant 2/3 of tongue [tinnitus/hearing loss if CN VIII affected]

73
Q

Signs of CN VIII injury in facial canal?

A

IL complete facial paralysis; decreased taste on ant 2/3 of tongue

74
Q

Signs of CN VII injury at the stylomastoid foramen?

A

IL complete facial paralysis

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