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Step 1 > Neuro 4 > Flashcards

Neuro 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

3 W’s = wet [incontinent], wacky [mental decline] and wobbly [gait difficulties]

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2
Q

Structure damaged in epidural hematoma?

A

middle meningeal artery

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3
Q

Structure damaged in subdural hematoma?

A

bridging veins [cerebral veins emptying into superior sagittal sinus]

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4
Q

How do you age subdural hematomas?

A

acute blood is white [hyperdense] on CT; isodense in 1-2 weeks and hypodense after that

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5
Q

Structure damaged in subarachnoid hemorrage?

A

vessels in or around the circle of willis

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6
Q

Contents of cisterna magna?

A

vertebral artery, CN IX, X, XI and XII, choroid plexus

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7
Q

Contents of prepontine cistern?

A

basilar artery, CN VI

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8
Q

Contents of cerebellopontine cistern?

A

CN V, VII, VIII

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9
Q

Contents of interpeduncular cistern?

A

CN III

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10
Q

Contents of the ambient cistern?

A

CN IV

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11
Q

Structure comprising the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

caudate nucleus

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12
Q

Structure(s) comprising the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

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13
Q

Structure at floor of 4th ventricle?

A

pons [facial colliculus], medulla [hypoglossal trigone]

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14
Q

Signs of injury to facial colliculus?

A

facial colliculus (genu of facial nerve and abducens nucleus) = IL facial paralysis + IL CN VI palsy

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15
Q

Signs of injury to the reticular formation?

A

coma

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16
Q

Components of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal), subthalamus

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17
Q

Deficits in ALS?

A

UMN and LMN signs, sensation intact

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18
Q

Deficits in MS?

A

multiple (motor, sensory, special sensory, cognitive) deficits in time and lesions in space

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19
Q

Deficits in Guillan-Barre?

A

typically follows viral illness or vaccination, ascending paralysis (LE then UE), some sensory, autonomic effects

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20
Q

Signs of radiculopathy?

A

pain/sensory loss in a dermatomal pattern

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21
Q

What is tabes dorsalis?

A

demyelination of posterior columns from syphillis

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22
Q

Signs/symptoms of tabes dorsalis?

A

decreased muscle stretch reflexes, loss of discriminitve touch, proprioception and vibratory sense, + Romberg, ataxia (not from cerebellum)

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23
Q

Structures innervated by posterior rami?

A

deep back muscles and overlying skin

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24
Q

Dermatome for C2?

A

back of the scalp; greater occipital nerve [posterior ramus of C2]

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25
Q

Signs of injury to musculocutaneous nerve in axilla?

A

decreased bicep reflex, weakness in flexion at elbow, supination, sonsory loss along lateral forearm

26
Q

Signs of injury to median nerve at elbow?

A

severe weakness in forearm flexion, paralysis of thenar muscles, sensory loss over palmar aspect and tips of digits 1 - 3, lateral half of digit 4

27
Q

Signs of injury to median nerve at carpal tunnel?

A

paralysis of thenar muscles, sensory loss over palmar aspect and tips of digits 1 - 3, lateral half of digit 4

28
Q

Signs of injury to ulnar nerve at cubital tunnel?

A

weakness in flexion of digits 4 and 5, sensory loss in 5th digit (palmar and dorsal), weakness in ab/adduction of fingers, hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis , Froments sign, slight ulnar claw

29
Q

Signs of ulnar nerve injury at Guyon’s tunnel?

A

sensory loss in 5th digit (palmar only), weakness in ab/adduction of fingers, hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis , Froments sign, ulnar claw

30
Q

Signs of injury to radial nerve with midshaft humeral fracture?

A

wrist drop, weak supination, sensory loss on dorsum of hand, triceps normal

31
Q

Signs of injury to radial nerve in axilla?

A

paralyzed triceps, decreased triceps reflex, decreased brachioradialis reflex, wrist drop, weak supination, sensory loss on dorsum of hand

32
Q

Signs of lesion to upper roots of brachial plexus?

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy, decreased biceps + brachioradialis reflexes; arm is medial rotated and extended [cant abduct, laterally rotate of flex at elbow], sensory loss over lateral arm

33
Q

Signs of lesion to lower roots of brachial plexus?

A

Klumpke palsy, complete claw, sensory loss over 5th digit and medial arm, forearm

34
Q

Signs of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

weakness in intrinsic hand muscles, sensory loss over 5th digit and medial arm, forearm

35
Q

Signs of injury to C5 nerve root?

A

weakness in abduction, lateral rotation and flexion at elbow, decreased bicep reflex, sensory loss over lateral arm

36
Q

Signs of injury to C6 nerve root?

A

weakness in wrist extension, flexion at elbow, decreased brachioradialis reflex, sensory loss over lateral forearm

37
Q

Signs of injury to C7 nerve root?

A

weakness in finger extension, elbow extension, wrist flexion, decreased tricep reflex, sensory loss over middle finger

38
Q

Signs of injury to C8 nerve root?

A

weakness in finger flexion, sensory loss over 4th + 5th digit, medial forearm

39
Q

Signs of injury to T1 nerve root?

A

weakness in finger ab/adduction, sensory loss over medial forearm/arm

40
Q

Signs of injury to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

sensory loss over anterior and lateral thigh; aka meralgia paresthetica

41
Q

Signs of entrapment/injury to saphenous nerve?

A

sensory loss along anterior and medial leg, medial malleolus and foot

42
Q

Signs of injury to femoral nerve?

A

paralysis of quadriceps, decreased patellar reflex, sensory loss along anterior and medial thigh, leg, medial malleolus and foot

43
Q

Signs of piriformis syndrome?

A

decreased achilles reflex, weakness in knee flexors, dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, sensory loss over lateral leg, lateral malleolus, dorsum of foot

44
Q

Signs of injury to common fibular nerve?

A

foot drop, weakness in dorsiflexion, eversion, sensory loss over lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

45
Q

Signs of injury to superficial fibular nerve?

A

weakness in eversion, sensory loss over dorsum of foot

46
Q

Signs of injury to deep fibular nerve?

A

foot drop, weakness in dorsiflexion, eversion, sensory loss in the web between 1st and 2nd toes

47
Q

Signs of injury to tibial nerve in popliteal fossa?

A

weakness in plantar flexion, toe flexion, weakness in intrinsic foot muscle, sensory loss on plantar surface of foot

48
Q

Signs of injury to the tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel?

A

weakness in intrinsic foot muscles, sensory loss on plantar surface of foot

49
Q

Signs of injury to superior gluteal nerve?

A

Trendelenburg sign: pelvis drops to good side during gait, paralysis of gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia lata

50
Q

Signs of injury to inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Paralysis of gluteus maximus, weakness in extension and lateral rotation of thigh

51
Q

Signs of injury to L2 nerve root?

A

weakness in leg flexion, knee extension, adduction, sensory loss over anterior thigh

52
Q

Signs of injury to L4 nerve root?

A

weakness in knee extension, decreased patellar reflex, sensory loss over anterior medial leg, medial malleolus

53
Q

Signs of injury to L5 nerve root?

A

weakness in dorsiflexion, toe extension, abduction of thigh, sensory loss over anterior leg, dorsum of foot, digits 1 and 2

54
Q

Signs of injury to S1 nerve root?

A

weakness in plantar flexion, eversion, hip extension, decreased achilles reflex, sensory loss over posterior leg, digits 3-5

55
Q

Signs of injury to S2 nerve root?

A

weakness in toe flexion, decreased anal wink, sensory loss over posterior thigh, perineum

56
Q

Structure infected in herpes zoster?

A

posterior root ganglion

57
Q

Reflex for C5?

A

biceps [via musculocutaenous n]

58
Q

Reflex for C6?

A

brachioradialis [via radial n]

59
Q

Reflex for C7?

A

triceps [via radial n]

60
Q

Reflex for L1?

A

cremaster [ilioinguinal and genitofemoral ns.]

61
Q

Reflex for L4?

A

patellar tendon [quadriceps, via femoral n]

62
Q

Reflex for S1?

A

Achilles/calcaneal tendon [gastroc, via tibial n]

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