Lung cancer

Question 1

there is ____ and ____ lung cancer

Answer 1

primary and secondary

Question 2

lung cancer is one of the leading causes of _____

Answer 2

death

Question 3

90% of lung cancer is _________

Answer 3

bronchogeneic

Question 4

lung cancer is aggressive, invasive & metastatic there is often mets to______, ______ & ______

Answer 4

bone, liver & brain

Question 5

there are ____ major primary types of lung caner

Answer 5

4

Question 6

the four major types of lung cancer are separated into two categories what are these?

Answer 6

• SCLC: small cell lung cancer

- NSCLC: non small cell lung cancer

Question 7

what are the 4 major primary types of lung cancer

Answer 7

SCLC-small cell lung cancer
-small cell carcinoma (aprox 12%) 
NSCLC-non small cell lung cancer
-large cell carcinoma (aprox 12%)
-squamous cell carcinoma (aprox 30%)
-adenocarcinoma (aprox 30%)

Question 8

what is the etiology of lung cancer

Answer 8

• remember always a carcinogen that gives rise to a mutation then mutation causes lung cancer
• smoking (greater than 85%)
• marijuana
• toxins(eg. asbestos)

Question 9

patho of small cell carcinoma

Answer 9

• in smokers (99%)
• small oval cells
• aggressive, invasive, early mets (esp to brain)
• mets at Dx( approx 70%)
• paraneoplastic syndromes (eg. SIADH, cushings)
• non-resectable (cannot surgically remove malignancy d/t characteristic of tumor)

Question 10

what are paraneoplastic syndromes

Answer 10

dont call an eptopic tumor but the same as an eptopic tumor, cells secrete hormone like substances

Question 11

Patho of adenocarcionma

Answer 11

• most common type
• in women and in non-smokers
• origin in alveoli or bronchioles (peripheral in respiratory system & final airways opposed to central which would be tracheal)

Question 12

what is adenocarcinoma?

Answer 12

malignant tumor formed form glandular epithelial tissue

Question 13

patho of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 13

• more common in men
• origin in central bronchi-central origin
• intraluminal
• spreads to hilar nodes(hilar region, region in organ where major vessels, structures or ducts enter & leave)

Question 14

patho large cell carcinoma

Answer 14

• large, undifferentiated cells
• peripheral origin (distal respiratory tract)
• early mets
• poor prognosis

Question 15

mnfts of lung cancer depend on

Answer 15

type of cancer, site
extent, mets
-paraneoplastic synromes

Question 16

what are some mnfts of lung cancer

Answer 16

• pain
• hemoptysis (coughing up blood because blood vessels damaged, exacterbate (make worse) by coughing it up)
• if central lung cancer can impair ventilation causing coughing, wheezing, dyspnea
• cardiac mnfts- may cause cardiac output to suffer because problems with lungs and oxygenation of blood might decrease causing a decrease in cardiac output

Question 17

diagnosing lung cancer

Answer 17

• history, physical exam
• x-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI
• cytology(sputum or bronchial wash) asses for malignant cells in sputum, if not adequate sputum do bronchial wash were you collect cells and see if they are neoplastic
• bronchoscopy, biopsy (for staging & grading)

Question 18

treatment of Small cell lung cancer

Answer 18

-chemo & radiation

Question 19

treatment of non small cell lung cancer

Answer 19

-surgery, radiation & chemo (surgery is an option)

Question 20

lung cancer treatment has a __________

Answer 20

poor prognosis