Pelvic Inflammatory disease

Question 1

what is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 1

inflammation beyond the cervix

d/t an ascending infection (cervix & beyond)

Question 2

what is pelvic inflammatory disease due to?

Answer 2

due to an ascending infection from cervix and beyond:

• uterus (endometritis)-infection of uterus
• tubes (salpingitis)-infection of fallopian tubes/oviducts
• ovary (oophoritis)-infection of ovary’s

Question 3

what is endometritis

Answer 3

infection of the uterus

Question 4

what is salpingitis

Answer 4

infection of the fallopian tubes/oviducts

Question 5

what is oophoritis

Answer 5

infection of the ovarys

Question 6

what is the etiology of PID

Answer 6

-Polymicrobial (many types of bacteria cause), pyogenic microbes (pus producing microbes)

• untreated bacterial infections:
  - may be sexually transmitted eg. chlamydia (20%), gonorrhea (10%) any microbe can get in and cause PID

Question 7

what are pyogenic microbes?

Answer 7

-pus producing micorobes

Question 8

what is the patho of PID

Answer 8

• cervix dilated at menstruation
• microbes enter uterus (through cervix)
• rapid multiplication as endometrium sloughs off
• microbes ascend to tube, ovary and peritoneum

Question 9

what are the manifestations of PID

Answer 9

• back and lower abdm pain
• fever
• heavy, purulent vaginal discharge
• adnexal tenderness (towards, close proximity to uterus)
• leukocytosis (elevated leukocyte content in the blood)

Question 10

what does adnexal mean?

Answer 10

close proximity to uterus

Question 11

what is leukocytosis

Answer 11

elevated leukocyte content in the blood

Question 12

what are common complications of PID?

Answer 12

• pelvic abscesses (which can lead to peritonitis, will only occur if not intervened with early on)
• infertility

Question 13

diagnosing PID

Answer 13

• presentation(heavy purulent discharge)
• increase in CRP (c-reactive protein, indicator of inflm)
• Increase in ESR ( increase in proteins with infection/iflm, RBCs group together and become heavier)
• laparascopy (incision in body wall abdomen and view through abdomen)

Question 14

treatment of PID

Answer 14

• multiple broad spectrum antibiotics (90% success)
• treat partner (many from sexually transmitted infections)
• may need surgery (drain ulcers) (adhesions) (obstruction of oviduct)