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UWorld > 6.20.16 > Flashcards

6.20.16 Flashcards

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1
Q

how can you suppress peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

admin O2

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2
Q

calc: MAP

A

CO x TPR

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3
Q

common iliac veins become what?

A

IVC

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4
Q

severe HTN –> fibrinous necrosis of retinal arterioles –> manifestation on fundoscopy? why?

A

dot/flame-shaped hemorrhage

necrotic vessel –> bleed into nerve fiber layer

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5
Q

IL-12 receptor deficiency: tx

A

IFN-gamma

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6
Q

what is the major stimulator of respiration in healthy ppl?

A

PaCO2 (partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood)

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7
Q

what N goes thru the obturator foramen?

A

obturator N

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8
Q

5a-reductase def: clinical presentation in M

A

M pseudohermaphroditism:

  • feminized external genitalia –> masculinize at puberty
  • small phallus w hypospadias
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9
Q

B-hCG: fx

A

signal to corpus luteum in ovary to continue producing progesterone

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10
Q

pulsus paradoxus: definition

A

inspire –> SBP –> decrease >10mmHg

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11
Q

what produces BNP?

A

ventricles when they are stretched –> ie CHF from systolic dysfx

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12
Q

temporal giant cell arteritis: type of inflamm?

A

granulomatous inflamm of media

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13
Q

Friedreich ataxia: most important clinical presentation? d/t what?

A
  • progressive gait ataxia (degen of spinocerebellar tract)

- impaired joint & vibration sense (degen of post columns & dorsal root ganglia)

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14
Q

severe HTN: effect on retinal precapillary arterioles

A

disrupt endothelium –> plasma leak into arteriolar wall –> fibrinous necrosis

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15
Q

angiotensin II: effect

A
  • systemic vasoconstrict –> increase BP
  • eff art vasoconstrct –> increase GFR
  • aldos –> increase renal Na resorb –> increase BP
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16
Q

acute asthma/COPD exacerbation: tx

A

B-adrenergic agonist

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17
Q

level of spine: common iliac veins become IVC?

A

L4

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18
Q

phosphodiesterase inh: effect

A

relax vasc smooth muscle – vasodilate

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19
Q

calc: CO

A

SV x HR

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20
Q

long-standing RA can cause what?

A

affect C spine –> vertebral malalignment (subluxation) at atlantoaxial jt

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21
Q

when would you use a IVC filter?

A

pt w DVT/PE w CI to anticoag

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22
Q

lung apices: location

A

extend above clavicle & 1st rib

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23
Q

porcelain gallbladder: pathophys

A

chronic inflamm –> dystrophic intramural calcium salt deposition

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24
Q

what is responsible for dev of internal M genitalia?

A

testosterone

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25
bulimia nervosa vs anorexia nervosa
bulimia: normal body wt anorexia: BMI
26
angiotensin II: direct effect on kidney
vasoconstrict eff art --> increase GFR
27
what vasculitides have granulomatous inflamm of the media?
- temporal giant cell arteritis | - Takayasu arteritis
28
gel electrophoresis: speed of Hb A, S, C movement
Hb A > S > C
29
when is B-hCG detectable in the urine?
14 days after fertilization
30
anal SCC: charact
ulcerative mass (>50% pt)
31
pulsus paradoxus: pathophys
inspire --> increase venous return --> increase vol in RH --> but constricted pericardial space --> RV can't expand into pericardial space --> so IVS bow out into LV --> decrease LVEDV, SV --> decrease SBP during inspiration
32
HbC: pathophys
B globin chain --> missense mutation --> glutamate to lysine
33
VTE in preg: tx
LMWH (enoxaparin)
34
bulimia nervosa vs binge-eating disorder
bulimia: binge eat --> compensatory beh to prevent wt gain | binge eat: no compensatory beh
35
level of spine: renal V join IVC?
L1-2
36
intubation of pt w cervical subluxation: leads to?
acute compression of spinal cord, vertebral A
37
who is at increased risk for anal SCC?
HIV+ MSM
38
B-agonist for asthma/COPD exacerbation: MOA
increase intracell cAMP --> relax bronchial SM
39
increase PaCO2 --> effect?
stim central chemoreceptors --> increase pulm ventilation
40
what makes a naive T cell differentiate to a Th2 cell?
APC (not macrophage) --> IL-4
41
what drug decreases degradation of cGMP?
phosphodiesterase inh (sildenafil)
42
what produces B-hCG?
syncytiotrophoblast after implantation
43
BNP: effect
- vasodilate --> decrease preload | - diuresis
44
polyA tail: fx
protect mRNA from degradation in cyto
45
porcelain gallbladder: indicates?
chronic cholecystitis
46
cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase: what pathway?
bile acid syn --> rate limiting step
47
IL-12 receptor deficiency: at risk for what type of infections? why?
severe mycobacterial infect can't mount a strong cell-med granulomatous immune response
48
BNP, ANP: MOA
activate guanylate cyclase --> increase intracell cGMP
49
what is: pes cavus
high foot arches
50
ANP: effect
- vasodilate --> decrease preload | - diuresis
51
Friedreich ataxia: other (non-neuro) features?
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - skeletal abnormalities --> kyphoscoliosis, pes cavus - DM
52
pulsus paradoxus: often seen in?
- cardiac tamponade - constrictive pericarditis - severe asthma, COPD
53
Friedreich ataxia: onset
childhood, adolescence
54
brain natriuretic peptide: use
lab test --> determine if pt is suffering from CHF exacerbation
55
typical cause of injury to obturator N?
compression --> ie pelvic trauma, surg, tumor
56
what stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors?
hypoxemia
57
preg increases risk for what vasc disorder?
venous thromboembolic dz
58
how does HCV have such high genetic variability?
- RNApol --> no proofreading 3'-->5' exonuclease | - envelope glycoprotein seq --> hypervariable region --> prone to freq genetic mutation
59
when is B-hCG detectable in the serum?
8 days after fertilization
60
what makes a naive T cell differentiate to a Th1 cell?
APC --> macrophage --> IL-12, IFN-gamma
61
IL-12: fx
stimulate differentiation of naive T helper cells to TH1
62
Friedreich ataxia: #1 COD
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
63
what does BNP act with?
ANP
64
penetrating wound --> just above clavicle, bw midclavicular & lat sternal lines --> leads to?
(tension) pneumothorax/hemothorax
65
what produces ANP?
atria when they are stretched
66
5a-reductase: rxn
testosterone --> dihydrotestosterone
67
COPD: what is the important contributor to the resp drive?
hypoxemia (PaO2, low oxygen in blood)
68
inspiration: effect on blood flow
increase systemic venous return --> increase R heart vol
69
what is the result of the JAK-STAT pathway?
IGF-1 gene transcription
70
Huntington dz: pathophys
loss of neurons in caudate nucleus & putamen
71
MDD: duration for dx
>2wk
72
what endogenous subst use the JAK-STAT pathway?
- growth hormone - cytokines (IFN) - hematopoietic growth factors (erythropoietin, G-CSF)
73
what pts have a blunted response to PaCO2?
COPD
74
peripheral chemoreceptors: location?
carotid & aortic bodies
75
esophageal SCC: histology
- solid nests of neoplastic squamous cells --> abundant eosinophilic cyto & distinct borders - areas of keratinization (keratin pearls) - intercell bridges
76
esophageal SCC: presentation
- progressive solid & eventually liq dysphagia | - wt loss
77
what endogenous subst has the same MOA as ANP & BNP?
nitric oxide
78
dev milestone: 2yo --> lang
- 50+ word vocab | - 2-word phrases
79
Friedreich ataxia: mode of inheritance
AR
80
Huntington dz: clinical manifestation
- progressive demential | - choreiform movements
81
how does preg increase risk of venous thromboembolic dz?
- increase venous stasis - endothelial injury (during delivery) - hypercoag
82
Th1: fx
- activate macrophages & cytotoxic T cells | - mediate delayed type HSN
83
SJS/TEN: ssx
flu-like ssx --> widespread mucocut epidermal necrosis
84
obturator N injury: ssx
- weak thigh adduct | - distal medial thigh --> sensory loss
85
porcelain gallbladder: at risk for?
gallbladder adenocarcinoma
86
location: temporal giant cell arteritis vs Takayasu arteritis
temporal giant cell arteritis: more distal carotid artery branch involvement Takayasu arteritis: aorta & proximal aortic arterial branch involvement
87
who?: temporal giant cell arteritis vs Takayasu arteritis
temporal giant cell arteritis: >50yo | Takayasu arteritis:
88
what inh chol 7a-hydroxylase?
fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)
89
Th2: fx
- activate B cells | - promote class switching
90
when does implantation occur?
6-7 days after fertilization at the earliest
91
diffuse atherosclerosis may cause?
bilat renal artery stenosis
92
what is responsible for dev of external M genitalia?
dihydrotestosterone
93
what senses PaO2?
peripheral chemoreceptors

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