6.24.16 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Tay Sachs dz: mode of inheritance
A
AR
2
Q
mass in 3rd part of duodenum: may compromise?
A
SMA
3
Q
caudal regression synd: charact
A
sacral agenesis:
- LE paralysis
- urinary incontinence
4
Q
bacterial vaginosis: tx
A
- metronidazole
- clindamycin
5
Q
what binds thyroid hormone?
A
thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
6
Q
dx: mild intell disability, 47 chrom
A
Klinefelter synd
7
Q
osteogenesis imperfecta: pathophys
A
defective syn of collagen I –> impaired bone matrix formation
8
Q
femoral N injury: ssx
A
- weak quadriceps
- lose patellar reflex
- lose sensation: ant/med thigh, med leg
9
Q
how do cells adhere to ECM?
A
integrin: bind fibronectin, collagen, laminin
10
Q
Dx: proximal muscle pain, weak. Fatigue, wt gain. High CK
A
hypothyroid myopathy
11
Q
Klinefelter synd: ssx
A
- tall
- small, firm testes
- azoospermia
- gynecomastia
- mild intell disability
12
Q
S4: cause
A
decreased LV compliance
13
Q
portal HTN: hemorrhoids –> d/t what vessel?
A
sup rectal V
14
Q
sirolimus: MOA
A
cyto –> bind immunophilin FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) –> form complex –> bind & inh mTOR –> block IL-2 signal transduction –> prevent cell cycle progression –> prevent lymphocyte prolif
15
Q
Dx: infant –> flaccid lower extremities, absent ankle reflexes bilat. Poorly dev lumbar spine & sacrum
A
caudal regression synd
16
Q
chi square test: use
A
test assoc bw 2 categorical variables
17
Q
increase estrogen –> increase TH –> effect on pt?
A
normal free TH ==> euthyroid
18
Q
ID spinal level: fasciculus gracilis & cuneas
A
above T7: both
below: only gracilis
19
Q
5-HT3 receptor ant: drug
A
ondansetron
20
Q
selective estrogen receptor modulator: MOA
A
competitive inh estrogen binding to estrogen receptor
21
Q
low hepcidin: effect?
A
- intestine –> increase absorb iron
- macrophage –> release iron
22
Q
Dx: progressive proximal muscle weak & atrophy. No pain. Normal CK
A
glucocorticoid-induced myopathy
23
Q
increase estrogen –> effect on thyroid hormone
A
estrogen –> increase TBG syn –> transient increase TSH –> increase TH syn –> increase total T4, total T3
24
Q
Dx: shoulder, neck, pelvic girdle –> muscle pain & stiff. Worse in AM & with activity. Normal CK
A
polymyalgia rheumatica
25
net filtration pressure: calc
hydrostatic pressure gradient - oncotic pressure gradient
| = (Pc-Pi) - (oc-oi)
26
caudal regression synd: RF
poorly ctrled maternal diabetes
27
prenatal screen for GBS: when?
35-37wks
28
ID spinal level: shape
as mv up --> more oval
29
acute viral hepatitis: histology
- "spotty necrosis"
- ballooning degen (hepatocyte swelling w wispy/clear cyto)
- Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic hepatocytes)
- mononuclear cell infiltrates
30
hepcidin: fx
central regulator of iron homeostasis
31
lat dorsi: fx
humerus:
- extend
- adduct
- med rotate
32
what is: dead space
air that is inhaled but has no role in gas exchange
33
vestibular nausea: tx
- antihist
| - antichol
34
Dx: 8mo F --> normal dev --> now can't sit, roll over. Macrocephaly. Bright red fovea centralis. Normal abd exam
Tay Sachs
35
ID spinal level: gray matter
as mv up --> decrease gray matter
36
tamoxifen: what is it? use?
SERM
| trt estrogen receptor+ breast CA
37
femoral N injury: cause
- pelvic fracture
| - compression from mass on iliopsoas, iliacus
38
muscle bx --> mid-size artery --> transmural inflamm w areas of homogeneous, eosinophilic arterial wall necrosis --> dx?
polyarteritis nodosa
39
acute synovitis, fever, leukocytosis --> next step in management?
synovial fluid analysis (R/O septic arthritis --> emergency!):
- xl analysis
- cell count
- Gram stain
- culture
40
tamoxifen: effect on breast
anti-estrogen
41
portal HTN: caput medusae --> d/t what vessel?
paraumbilical V
42
two sample t test: use
compre 2 group means
43
acute hep A: ssx
- prodrome: fever, malaise, anorexia, N/V, RUQ pain
| - cholestasis: jaundice, pruritis, dark urine, clay stool
44
lat dorsi: N
thoracodorsal
45
Tay Sachs dz: key clinical features
- progressive neurodegen
| - cherry red macula
46
what controls iron storage & release by other cells involved in iron homeostasis?
hepcidin
47
ID spinal level: ventral horn
Large:
- lower cervical
- lumbosacral
48
elevated creatine kinase: common causes
- hypothyroid
- autoimmune dz (polymyositis, dermatomyositis)
- muscular dystrophy
- med (HMG CoA reductase inh)
49
polyarteritis nodosa: charact
transmural inflamm w fibrinoid necrosis
50
calcineurin: fx
activate IL-2 --> T cell growth, prolif
51
calcineurin inh: use
immunosupp in transplant pts
52
polyarteritis nodosa: ssx
may affect almost any system --> ssx d/t ischemia of involved organs
53
how do you diagnose RA?
clinically
| anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Ab --> helpful for confirm
54
ID spinal level: white matter
as mv up --> increase white matter
55
anti-CCP --> dx?
RA
56
glomerular cap hydrostatic pressure = 45
glomerular cap oncotic pressure = 27
bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure = 10
bowman capsule oncotic pressure = 2
what is net filtration pressure?
= (45-10) - (27-2)
| = 10
57
why is alveolar ventilation lower than minute ventilation
dead space
58
sirolimus: use
immunosupp --> prevent transplant rejection
59
cardiac pacemaker cell: what is responsible for phase 4?
- close repolarizing K channel
- funny channel --> slow Na influx
- open T-type Ca channel
60
CYP450 effect on tamoxifen?
metab tamoxifen to active metabolite endoxifen
61
Niemann-Pick dz: clinical features
infant:
- HSM
- neuro regression
- cherry red spot
62
Klinefelter synd: pathophys
meiotic nondisjunction --> 47, XXY
63
analysis of variance (ANOVA): use
compare means of >2 grps
64
what is the most common liver malig?
metastasis from other primary site
65
what can be the 1st manifestation of hypothyroid?
hypothyroid myopathy --> elevated CK
66
RA: charact
- symm polyarthritis (MCP & PCP)
| - morning stiff >30min
67
visceral nausea: cause
GI insult:
- gastroenteritis
- ctx
- gen anes
68
Dx: defective collagen I
osteogenesis imperfecta
69
CASE: various missionary trips --> liver bx --> spotty hepatocyte necrosis, inflamm cell infiltration --> dx?
acute hep A
70
what subst activates IL-2?
calcineurin
71
Dx: proximal muscle weak. Skin rash, inflamm arthritis. High CK
inflamm myopathy (polymyositis, dermatomyositis)
72
lateral horns of spinal cord: what level?
T1-L2
73
what lowers hepcidin?
- hypoxia
| - increased erythropoiesis
74
osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical findings
- h/o fractures from minimal trauma
- blue sclera
- small, malformed teeth
75
adenosine: MOA
activate A1 receptors --> activate K channel --> increase K conductance --> membrane potential stay neg longer
76
why does antagonizing 5-HT3 receptor reduce N/V?
GI irritation --> increase mucosal serotonin release --> activate 5-HT3 receptors on vagal & spinal afferent N --> relay impulse to medullary vomiting center --> emesis
77
Dx: proximal muscle pain, weak. Started statin 2 mos ago. High CK
statin-induced myopathy
78
visceral nausea: tx
5-HT3 receptor ant
79
what is: minute ventilation
total vol of new air that enter resp pathways per minute
80
tamoxifen: effect on uterus
estrogen agonist effect --> endometrial hyperplasia --> CA
81
what increases hepcidin?
- high iron
| - inflamm
82
IL-2: fx
- T cell activation, prolif
- NK, macrophage activity
- B cell growth
83
Niemann-Pick dz: def?
sphingomyelinase --> accum sphingomyelin
84
different drug efficacy & toxicity among indiv --> cause?
CYP450 polymorphism
85
Dx: 18mo M --> normal dev til 5mo --> now can't sit, poor head ctrl. Large spleen, liver. Hypotonic. Red macula
Niemann-Pick dz
86
IL-2: produced by?
T cell
87
portal HTN: esophageal varices --> d/t what vessel?
L gastric V
88
differentiate: Tay Sachs vs Niemann-Pick
Tay Sachs: no HSM
89
what is: alveolar ventilation
vol of new air reaching the gas exchange areas per minute
90
metastasis to liver: CT
mult nodules
91
S4: assoc dz
- restrictive cardiomyopathy
| - LV hypertrophy
92
polyarteritis nodosa: assoc dz
HBV
93
Listeria --> resistant to what abx? how?
cephalosporin
altered PBP
94
migraine w nausea: tx
dopamine ant
95
prolong phase 4 --> effect?
reduce rate of spontaneous depolarization --> decrease sinus rate, AV conduction --> decrease HR
96
total peripheral resistance of vessels arranged in parallel: calc
1/TPR = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
97
thiazolidinedione: MOA
activate PPAR-gamma --> upreg GLUT4, adiponectin --> decrease insulin resistance
98
3rd part of duodenum: location
L3: across abd aorta & IVC
99
calcineurin inh: drugs
- cyclosporine
| - tacrolimus
100
what subst prolong phase 4 of nodal tissue?
- Ach
| - adenosine
101
synovitis: charact
- pain
- erythema
- swelling
- reduced ROM in jt
102
osteogenesis imperfecta: mode of inheritance
AD
103
Tay Sachs dz: pathophys
B-hexosaminidase A def --> accum GM2 ganglioside
104
ID spinal level: lat gray matter horns
thoracic & early lumbar
