6.5.16

Question 1

what is: confidence interval

Answer 1

% confident that true means within this interval

Question 2

MEN2A

Answer 2

• pheochromocytoma
• medullar thyroid carcinoma (malig of parafollicular C cells)
• PTH hyperplasia

Question 3

Pterion fracture –> lacerate what vessel? –> lead to what?

Answer 3

middle meningeal –> epidural hematoma

Question 4

ataxia telangiectasia: cause

Answer 4

AR –> ATM gene –> DNA brk repair

Question 5

intra-abd infect: most likely org?

Answer 5

• Bacteroides fragilis

- E. coli

Question 6

ataxia telangiectasia: ssx

Answer 6

triad: cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, sinopulm infect

IgA def –> URI + LRI

Question 7

1st pharyngeal arch: forms?

Answer 7

• CN V
• mandible
• maxilla
• zygoma
• incus
• malleus

Question 8

bradykinin: effect?

Answer 8

• vasodilate
• increase vasc permeability
• contract non-vasc SM
• pain

Question 9

BCKDC, pyruvate deH, a-ketoglutarate deH: cofactors?

Answer 9

Tender Loving Care for Nancy:

• thiamine
• lipoate
• coenzyme A
• FAD
• NAD

Question 10

Enterococci –> resistance to aminoglycoside

Answer 10

aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme –> transfer different chem grps to abs –> impair binding to ribosomal subunits

Question 11

Case: young healthy pt –> recurrent chest pain, tachycardia, SOB, sweat, tremulous –> normal EKG

dx?
tx: immed, longterm

Answer 11

panic disorder
benzo
SSRI/SNRI, cog beh therapy

Question 12

Clostridium botulinum: effect

Answer 12

neurotoxin –> decrease release ACh –> 3D’s –> diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia

Question 13

MEN2B

Answer 13

• pheochromocytoma
• medullar thyroid carcinoma (malig of parafollicular C cells)
• mucosal neuroma, marfanoid habitus

Question 14

What is: pterion

Answer 14

jx of frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid

Question 15

sens/spec table

Answer 15

dz
+ -
test + TP FP PPV = a/a+b
- FN TN

        sn   sp

Question 16

pyruvate –> acetyl CoA

enzyme?

Answer 16

pyruvate deH

Question 17

what is: maple syrup urine dz?

Answer 17

AR –> mutated branched chain a-ketoacid deH complex (BCKDC) –> decrease breakdown of branched chain aa –> increase leucine, isoleucine, valine –> neurotoxicity, sweet urine

Question 18

treacher-collins synd: pathogenesis

Answer 18

abnormal dev of 1st & 2nd pharyngeal arches

Question 19

disseminated candidiasis: cause

Answer 19

neutropenia –> can’t prevent hematogenous spread

Question 20

ventral pancreatic bud: forms?

Answer 20

uncinate process, inf/post portion of head, major pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)

Question 21

diabetes insipidus: effect

Answer 21

hyper osmotic vol contract (lose free H2O, retain electrolytes)

Question 22

95% CI: calc

Answer 22

+/- 1.96 SE = 1.96 SD/sqrt(n)

Question 23

pyramidal motor system: components

Answer 23

• corticospinal tract
• brainstem
• internal capsule
• pre central gyrus (1ary motor cortex)

Question 24

pyruvate –> lactic acid

enzyme?

Answer 24

lactate deH

Question 25

middle meningeal --> br of?

Answer 25

maxillary A

Question 26

2nd pharyngeal arch: forms?

Answer 26

- CN VII - stapes - styloid process - lesser horn of hyoid

Question 27

maple syrup urine dz: tx?

Answer 27

1) dietary restriction: leucine, isoleucine, valine | 2) high dose thiamine

Question 28

vasopressin, desmopressin: MOA

Answer 28

inner medullary collecting duct --> V2 receptor --> increase H2O, urea permeability --> increase resorb urea (decrease clearance) --> increase medullary osmotic gradient --> max concentrated urine

Question 29

what is: standard error

Answer 29

variability of means of different samples of the pop --> help estimate true mean

Question 30

What is: length (space) constant

Answer 30

measure of how far along axon an electrical impulse can propagate

Question 31

sarcoidosis: key ssx

Answer 31

- noncaseating granuloma - bilat hilar adenopathy - Ca2+ - ACE

Question 32

maple syrup urine dz: mnemonic

Answer 32

I Love Vermont maple syrup - isoleucine - leucine - valine

Question 33

Case: young black F --> cough, dyspnea --> bilat hilar adenopathy dx?

Answer 33

sarcoidosis

Question 34

DM1: prone to what other dz?

Answer 34

other autoimmune endocrinopathy: - Hashimoto thyroiditis - Graves dz - 1ary adrenal insuff (Addison's dz)

Question 35

neural crest: forms?

Answer 35

MOTEL PASS: - melanocyte - odontoblast - tracheal cartilage - enterochromaffin cells - laryngeal cartilage - parafollicular cells of thyroid - adrenal medulla, all ganglia - Schwann cells - spiral membrane

Question 36

epinephrine: effect?

Answer 36

- a1, B1: increase SBP - B1: increase HR - a1 or B2: increase or decrease DBP