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General Psychology 3rd Ed Aced > Chapter 7- Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time

A

Relearning

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2
Q

The process of getting information into the memory system

A

Encoding

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3
Q

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

A

Priming

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4
Q

What type of memories are memories of physical skills

A

Implicit memories

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5
Q

Encoding is more effective when it is spread over time

A

Spacing effect

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6
Q

This part of the brain plays an important role in forming and storing memories created by classical conditioning. Also deals with implicit memory formation

A

Cerebellum

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7
Q

Memory that stresses conscious, active processing of incoming information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. Processes important, focused information

A

Working memory

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8
Q

This part of the brain helps form memories for physical skills. Also deals with implicit memory formation

A

Basal Ganglia

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9
Q

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

A

Proactive interference

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10
Q

An anchor point for pathways to memories suspended in the web of associations in our brain

A

Retrieval cue

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11
Q

Sensory memory persists about one-third of a second then quickly fades away according to what Psychologist

A

George Sperling

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12
Q

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly (such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing) before the information is stored or forgotten

A

Short-term memory

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13
Q

A method to help us think about how the brain forms and retrieves memories

A

Information-processing models

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14
Q

A type of memory that is improved when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same

A

Context-dependent memory

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15
Q

Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

A

Mnemonics

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16
Q

The process of getting information out of memory storage

A

Retrieval

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17
Q

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

A

Memory

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18
Q

Unless rehearsed, verbal information can be quickly forgotten

A

Short-term memory decay

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19
Q

Retaining learned skills, or classically conditioned associations, without conscious awareness (also called nondeclarative memory)

A

Implicit memory

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20
Q

Reducing information into meaningful units that are easier to remember

A

Chunking

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21
Q

Muscle memory

A

Procedural

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22
Q

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

A

Flashbulb memory

23
Q

Lasting physical changes in the brain as a memory forms

A

Memory trace

24
Q

Memory of facts and personal events you can consciously retrieve. (also called declarative memory)

A

Explicit memory

25
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety

A

Repression

26
Q

Echoic memory

A

Auditory

27
Q

Iconic memory

A

Visual

28
Q

Unconscious encoding of everyday information, such as a space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings

A

Automatic processing

29
Q

An increase in a synapse’s firing potential. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

A

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

30
Q

Memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned, as on a multiply-choice test

A

Recognition

31
Q

A neural center located in the Limbic system. Explicit memories for facts and episodes are processed here and fed to other brain regions for storage.

A

Hippocampus

32
Q

Where priming memory is often helped by returning to the context of the experience

A

Context effects

33
Q

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

A

Long-term memory

34
Q

When a memory has been corrupted by misleading information

A

Misinformation effect

35
Q

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

A

Sensory memory

36
Q

Memory demonstrated by retrieving information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

A

Recall

37
Q

A type of practice that utilizes the spacing effect and produces speedy, short term learning and feelings of confidence

A

Massive practice

38
Q

Faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined

A

Source amnesia

39
Q

Producing an idea you think is original but is actually something you forgot you learned previously

A

Cryptomnesia

40
Q

That eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before.” Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

A

Deja vu

41
Q

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

A

Serial position effect

42
Q

A type of practice that utilizes the spacing effect and produces better long-term recall

A

Distributed practice

43
Q

A type of memory that is associated to autobiographical events that can be explicitly stated or conjured

A

Episodic memory

44
Q

Forgetting is initially rapid then levels off with time

A

Storage decay

45
Q

The process of retaining encoded information over time

A

Storage

46
Q

This part of the brain deals strictly with emotion-related memory formation

A

Amygdala

47
Q

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

A

Effortful processing

48
Q

Literally “without memory”- a loss of memory, often due to brain trauma, injury, or disease

A

Amnesia

49
Q

The disruptive effect of new learning on a recall of old information

A

Retroactive interference

50
Q

A type of amnesia where conscious memory of the first 3 years is blank

A

Infantile amnesia

51
Q

A type of memory that is a part of LTM and is responsible for motor skills

A

Procedural memories

52
Q

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current good or bad mood

A

Mood-congruent memory

53
Q

Encoding is very effective under this repetitive method

A

Testing effect

General Psychology 3rd Ed Aced (15 decks)

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