Chapter 9- Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Hunger-driven desire for energy-rich fat and sugar have “______” roots

Answer 1

Evolutionary

Question 2

The hormone “______” involves hunger-arousing hormones secreted by an empty stomach

Answer 2

Ghrelin

Question 3

The “______” theory states that humans are motivated to engage in behaviors that either increase or decrease arousal levels. High arousal levels motivate behavior that will lower those levels, vice versa.

Answer 3

Arousal theory

Question 4

Social bonds and cooperation have “______” value?

Answer 4

Survival

Question 5

Food variety promotes “______”

Answer 5

Eating

Question 6

Preferences for sweet and salty tastes are “______” and “______”

Answer 6

Genetic and universal

Question 7

“_____” is sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

There are two-different pathways for the brain to “______” sensory input.

Answer 8

Process

Question 9

Happiness, enthusiasm and energy is found on this side of the frontal lobe

Answer 9

The left

Question 10

Environmental stimuli that attract or repel, depending on individual learning histories

Answer 10

Incentive

Question 11

“_____” are adaptive responses that support survival

Answer 11

Emotions

Question 12

Schachter and Singer’s theory that to experience emotion we must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Answer 12

Two factor theory

Question 13

A basic bodily requirement

Answer 13

Physiological need

Question 14

A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures some bodily responses (such as changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing) accompanying emotion.

Answer 14

Polygraph

Question 15

Depression and general negativity is located on this side of the frontal lobe

Answer 15

The right

Question 16

An emotion theory that states that arousal comes before emotion. Experience of emotion involves awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Answer 16

James-Lange Theory

Question 17

The point at which your “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight

Answer 17

Set point

Question 18

Arousal from one event to the next influences a response

Answer 18

Spillover effect

Question 19

Is it true that obesity has doubled since 1980 and there are now 1.46 billion adults now overweight?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Behaving in a certain way can awaken emotions

Answer 20

Behavior feedback effect

Question 21

Outward expressions and movements can trigger inner feeling and emotions

Answer 21

Facial feedback effect

Question 22

This disease has health risks of a shortened life, reduced quality of life and increased health care costs

Answer 22

Obesity

Question 23

The body’s resting rate of energy output

Answer 23

Basal metabolic rate

Question 24

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need

Answer 24

Drive-reduction theory

Question 25

According to this Psychologist, brain processes much information without conscious awareness but mental functioning still takes place. Emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous

Answer 25

Lazarus

Question 26

Does the presence of others amplify natural behavior tendencies?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Hormone triggering hunger that is secreted by the Hypothalamus

Answer 27

Orexin

Question 28

Digestive tract hormone that send “i’m not hungry” signals to the brain

Answer 28

PYY

Question 29

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 29

Motivation

Question 30

A response of the whole organism, involving (1) bodily arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Answer 30

Emotion

Question 31

According to this Psychologist, sometimes emotional response takes a neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to the Amygdala

Answer 31

Zajonc

Question 32

The theory that arousal and emotion happen at the same time. That arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Answer 32

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 33

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Answer 33

Homeostasis

Question 34

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs, these basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and than psychological needs, become active

Answer 34

Hierarchy of needs

Question 35

Hormone secreted by pancreas to control blood glucose

Answer 35

Insulin

Question 36

Is acceptability of food culturally influenced or genetic?

Answer 36

Culturally influrenced

Question 37

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Answer 37

Facial feedback effect

Question 38

Pumps appetite-suppressing hormones

Answer 38

Arcuate nucleus

Question 39

“______” is a protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

Answer 39

Leptin

Question 40

Does Chemistry and environment play a role in feelings of hunger and taste preferences?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

One way that the brain takes to process sensory input is that the input travels to the “_____” to be analyzed and then to the “_____”

Answer 41

Cortex . . . Amygdala

Question 42

One way that the brain takes to process sensory input is to have input travel directly “_____” to the Amygdala

Answer 42

Directly