Urinary System Intro & glomerular filtration Flashcards
What makes up the urinary system?
Bladder
Kidneys
Ureter
Urethra
What does the bladder do?
Store urine
What does the urethra do?
Convey urine to the outside world
What do the ureters do?
Transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
Where are the kidneys in the body?
Either side of the spine
Behind the caudal rib
What are the functions of the kidneys?
Regulate fluids and electrolytes
Excrete waste
Produce hormones
Blood enters and leaves the glomerulus via which vessels?
Enters via afferent arterioles
Leaves via efferent arteriole
What is the arterial/venous blood supply to and from the kidneys?
Renal artery Segmental artery Inter-lobar artery Arcuate artery Interlobular artery Interlobular vein Arcuate vein Inter-lobar vein Segmental vein Renal vein
Which blood vessels are found between the interlobular artery and vein?
Afferent arterioles
Glomerulus capillaries
Efferent arterioles
Peritubular capillaries
What is the difference between filtrate and urine?
Filtrate is in the nephron,
Filtrate becomes urine when it’s in the bladder
Why do cells and proteins not usually enter the kidney?
The membrane between the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule is impermeable to most proteins. Cells are too large to pass through it
What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Bulk reabsorption (unregulated)
What happens in the loop of Henle?
An osmotic gradient is set up
Describe the differences in permeability between the ascending and descending loop of Henle
Descending very permeable to water, little ion channels
Ascending very permeable to ions, not to water
Which ions are transported out of the descending limb? How are they transported?
Active transport
Na, K, Cl
