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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 > Catte Husbandry > Flashcards

Catte Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Why does colostrum need to be given?

A

Antibodies/immunoglobulin too large to pass across gut

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2
Q

At what age are calves removed from their mother? Why? What age are they weaned? Why?

A

72 hrs
Disease control
6-12wks - rumen developed

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3
Q

At what age do cows reach: puberty, mature weight and 1st calving?

A

10/12 months
15 months
24 months

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4
Q

How long is a cow gestation period?

A

9 months/292 days

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5
Q

What colour are the following breeds: Holstein/Fresian, Guernsey, Brown Swiss?

A

Black/white
Pale brown with white
Grey

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6
Q

How many days does it take to establish a hierarchy?

A

7 days

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7
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle? How long is oestrus (heat)?

A

21 days

48 hrs

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8
Q

What is an issue with intensive growth in dairy cattle?

A

Fat udder - less milk

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9
Q

After birth, how long is the voluntary wait period? How long until cows are serviced? How long is pregnancy? When are they dried off?

A

6 weeks
3 months
9 months
2 months before birth

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10
Q

The BCS of cows is a scale of 1- what?

A

5

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11
Q

What is the extensive type of growth? (NZ style)

A

Low input and low output

Extended grazing

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12
Q

What is the intensive style of growth?

A

High input, high output

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13
Q

For lactation, how should food be supplied?

A

Ad lib
Very metabolically demanding
-ve energy balance - food biggest impact on yield

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14
Q

Why are dairy cows prone to heat stress?

A

Milk production very metabolically demanding —> heat!

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15
Q

What should be the normal fat and protein in cow milk? What can a high somatic cell count indicate?

A

4% fat
3.2% protein
Mastitis

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16
Q

What is a heifer?

A

female, not given birth

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17
Q

What is a maiden/bulling heifer?

A

Female of age, not given birth

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18
Q

What is a bull?

A

Matured male

19
Q

What is a bullock/steer/stirk?

A

Castrated male

20
Q

What is a far off dry cow?

A

Female far from birth but pregnant

21
Q

What is a close up dry/transition cow?

A

A female close to giving birth

22
Q

What is a sweeper bull?

A

A male used for AI

23
Q

What is the voluntary wait period?

A

Time needed between birth and next service - 6 weeks

24
Q

What are dairy cows prone to getting?

A

Mastitis

Hypocalcaemia - milk fever.

25
Q

How are lactating cows prepared for milk fever before calving?

A

Fed low calcium diet to start body homeostatic mechanism to release calcium

26
Q

What is a cow?

A

Female that has given birth at least once

27
Q

What is a suckler cow?

A

Beef cow, nursed until weaning

28
Q

What is a youngstock?

A

Weaned and young female/male

29
Q

What are the main issues with cattle?

A

Lameness
Fertility
Mastitis

30
Q

How is a cow day spent?

A

1/3 feeding, 1/3 ruminating, 1/3 resting

31
Q

What are the LCT and UCT of cattle?

A

-5

25

32
Q

What are the two types of cattle housing?

A

Straw yard

Cubicle system

33
Q

What are the pros and cons of straw yards?

A 
More space - less lameness
Daily top ups
More disease
Monthly clean out 
Have seperate loafing area
34
Q

What are the pros and cons of a cubicle cow system?

A 
Less space
Prevent bullying
Loafing area
Clean - don’t defecate in bed
Lunging space (area where stands up from hind limbs)
35
Q

What are the aims for cow housing? What is the standing index? How do you test the floor for suitable smooth/roughness?

A

80% lay comfortable
Number standing up
Knee drop test

36
Q

What are methods of slurry management?

A

Tractors - cows need removing
Rinsing away - watery mess
Automatic scrapers - cows in way

37
Q

What is an adv/disadvantages of troughs?

A

Hard to empty

Large - reduce aggresssion

38
Q

What proportion of cows should be able to drink at once? How much do cows drink daily? When is peak drinking time?

A

10%
Up to 100L
After feeding/milking

39
Q

On day 1 of calving, what needs to happen to the calf? How much colostrum does it need?

A

Naval hygiene - iodine spray
10% BW of colostrum by 2hrs, and another a few hours later
1st ear tag by 36 hrs

40
Q

How much and how often should calves be fed?

A

15% BW

2 or 3 times daily, ad lib?

41
Q

Why should calves be offered hay pellets?

A

Stimulate rumen development

42
Q

What are the two housing methods for calves? Why do these need cleaning with a dry brush?

A

Group housing or hutches

Damp = bacteria

43
Q

When should calves receive their 2nd ear tag? When do calves need to apply for a passport by?

A

20 days old

27 days

44
Q

At what age are debudding and castration done?

A 
<2 months ALWAYS with anaesthetic
1 week (ring), <2 months by stock person (nipping bulls)

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 (54 decks)

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