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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 > Muscle Histology > Flashcards

Muscle Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of muscles?

A

Direct, integrated movement

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2
Q

Muscles are made up fo mycocytes, myofibrils and muscle fibres. What is a muscle fibre?

A

Muscle cell

NOT made of CT like normal fibres

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3
Q

What are the components of connective tissue found in muscles? What is the function of this CT?

A

Blood vessels
Nerves
Provide mechanical support

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle and which are striated?

A

Skeletal - striated
Cardiac - striated
Smooth - non-striated

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5
Q

Skeletal muscle, what are the two types of fibre found and what contractions are associated with each?

A

Dark fibre -tonic contractions

Pale fibre - phasic contractions

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of skeletal muscle? WHat does the innermost layer do?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium - electrical insulation

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7
Q

Contraction of each sarcomere is all or nothing, so how are contractions varied?

A

Number of fibres contracting

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8
Q

Skeletal muscles have a neuromuscular spindle. What is this? What does it do?

A

Modified muscle fibre

Sends sensory information about muscle tension to the CNS

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9
Q

What are motor end plates? Which neurotransmitter is released here?

A

Folds in sarcolemma at the post synaptic membrane

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

Which cells are responsible for myogenesis?

A

Mesenchymal cells and myoblasts

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11
Q

During myogenesis, myoblasts fuse to form what?

A

Myocytes and satellite cells

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12
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Bipotent muscle stem cells

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13
Q

What is atrophy? What could this be due to?

A

Loss of myofibrils and nuclei

Interrupted nerve supply

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14
Q

What cells are responsible for regeneration of skeletal muscle?

A

Satellite cells

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15
Q

Which muscle layer is the holding base for sutures?

A

Epimysium

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16
Q

What are terminal cisternae?

A

Enlarged areas of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Surrounding T-tubules

17
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

Heart

Large vessels near the heart

18
Q

Describe the nuclei and and endomysium of cardiac muscle

A

Centrally placed nuclei

Abundant endomysium containing blood vessels

19
Q

Are there visible striations in cardiac muscle? How are fibres arranged?

A

Yes

Loose arrangement of fibres

20
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Junctions between cardiomyocytes which allow synchronised cardiac muscle contraction
(Rapid spread of wave)

21
Q

Which feature is missing from cardiac muscle which is found in the 2 other muscle types?

A

Terminal cisternae

22
Q

Describe the presence of mitochondria in the different types of muscles

A

Smooth - least
Skeletal - more
Cardiac - most

23
Q

Is cardiac myogenesis possible?

A

No - lost soon after birth

24
Q

How are cardiac muscle fibres repaired?

A

Cannot regenerate cells after birth

Repair by increasing connective tissue

25
Q

What are purkinje fibres? Where are they found? WHat do they do?

A

Specialised cardiac muscle

Carry electrical impulse from left and right bundle branch

26
Q

How do purkinje fibres stain? Why?

A

Pale staining

High glycogen levels

27
Q

Which species have more prominent Purkinje fibres in the heart?

A

Sheep

Dogs

28
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

All organs

Tunica media

29
Q

Describe the shape of smooth muscle cells and their nuclei

A

Spindle shaped cells

Central nuclei - only 10% visible in transverse section

30
Q

Do smooth muscle cells have striations? Do they have connective tissue present within fibres?

A

No striations

yes - CT within fibres

31
Q

Smooth muscles have no striations. They also have no…. and few…

A

No T-tubules

Few sarcoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Undifferentiated muscle cells

33
Q

What is the name of the huge multi nuclear engined cells that can be several centimetres in length?

A

Syncytium

34
Q

What are striations comprised of?

A

Ends of sarcomeres arranged in parallel rows

35
Q

Which is the thin filament found here? Which is the thick?

A

Thin- actin

Thick - myosin

36
Q

Why do skeletal muscles have multiple nuclei?

A

They are made up of fused myoblasts

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 (54 decks)

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