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Pathology I > P31 - Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Part 5 > Flashcards

P31 - Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

infectious canine hepatitis caused by

A
  • canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)
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2
Q

severe disease of infectious canine hepatitis effect on liver

A
  • hepatocellular necrosis and hemorrhages

- severe vascular injury -> DIC and death

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3
Q

virus (adenovirus) causing infectious canine hepatitis has predilection for (3)

A
  • hepatocytes
  • endothelium
  • mesothelium
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4
Q

dogs recovering from infectious canine hepatitis (adenovirus) may develop

A
  • immune-complex uveitis - blue eye
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5
Q

most common recognized cause of canine chronic hepatitis

A
  • copper accumulation
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6
Q

which breed has mutation in COMMD1 gene (involved in copper excretion)

A
  • bedlington terriers
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7
Q

pathogenesis of copper accumulation

A
  • copper accumulates in centrilobular regions and within Kupffer cells -> ongoing oxidative injury with subsequent hepatocellular necrosis, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, nodular remodeling and eventual end-stage liver (cirrhosis)
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8
Q

what stain is used to identify and quantify copper-associated hepatopathy

A
  • rhodamine stain
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9
Q

canine vacuolar hepatopathy (VH) can be due to accumulation of (2)

A
  • glycoproteins

- lipids

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10
Q

glycogen type vacuolar hepatopathy associated with; nucleus location; and disease associated with

A
  • stress, corticosteroids or underlying disease
  • nucleus will remain in center of cell
  • Cushing’s
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11
Q

lipid type vacuolar hepatopathy associated with and nucleus location

A
  • fatty degeneration
  • hypoxia, certain toxins or with metabolic/endocrine disease (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus)
  • nucleus will be pushed periphery
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12
Q

pathogenesis of glycogen-type vacuolar hepatopathy

A
  • glucocorticoids induce glycogen synthase activity (hepatocytes are making more glycogen) -> accumulation causes swelling of hepatocytes
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13
Q

cholelithiasis are

A
  • gallstones

- components of bile become supersaturated and precipitate

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14
Q

gallstones become clinically significant when

A
  • stones obstruct bile duct resulting in extrahepatic cholestasis and posthepatic hyperbilirubinemia
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15
Q

acute cholecystitis

A
  • inflammation of gallbladder
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16
Q

chronic cholecystitis may be caused by (3)

A
  • chronic ascending bacterial infection of biliary tree
  • chronic irritation from cholelithes or parasites (flukes)
  • rupture of gallbladder
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17
Q

acute cholecystitis may be caused by

A
  • systemic viral infections
18
Q

gallbladder mucocele in dogs characterized by

A
  • distended gallbladder filled with mucus
19
Q

clinical signs of gallbladder mucocele

A
  • signs of biliary obstruction
  • abdominal pain
  • gallbladder rupture
20
Q

signs of biliary obstruction

A
  • increase in bile acids, bilirubin, ALP and GGT
21
Q

does with ____ have higher incidences of gallbladder mucocele

A
  • hyperadrenocorticism (cushing’s)
22
Q

what breed is over-represented with gallbladder mucocele

A
  • shetland sheepdogs
23
Q

acute necrotizing pancreatitis is most common in

A
  • obese, sedentary bitches

- cocker spaniels (over-represented)

24
Q

3 general mechanisms proposed for acute necrotizing pancreatitis

A
  • obstruction of pancreatic ducts
  • direct injury to acinar cells
  • autodigestion
25
Q

clinically presenting patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (4)

A
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • anorexia
  • painful abdomen
26
Q

what enzyme level is elevated in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

A
  • pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI)
27
Q

increase incidences of chronic pancreatitis in

A
  • cocker spaniels
  • cavlier king
  • collies
  • boxers
28
Q

4 general mechanisms considered for pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis

A
  • chronic obstruction of ducts
  • chronic bacterial infection from intestines
  • repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis
  • immune-mediated pancreatitis
29
Q

over time chronic pancreatitis leads to

A
  • progressive fibrosis and loss of functional glandular parenchyma -> exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
30
Q

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) caused by

A
  • pancreatic atrophy with insufficient synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes by exocrine pancreas leading to poor digestion
31
Q

eating all the time but not digesting food and not gaining weight is common sign of

A
  • exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)
32
Q

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) characterized by

A
  • polyphagia
  • weight loss
  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
33
Q

feces of animals suffering with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

A
  • pale, loose, voluminous, malodorous
34
Q

what enzyme is decreased with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

A
  • trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI)
35
Q

what percentage dose pancreas have reserve

A
  • 90%
36
Q

3 pathogenesis observed for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

A
  • chronic pancreatitis with progressive pancreatic atrophy
  • obstruction of pancreatic ducts
  • juvenile pancreatic atrophy
37
Q

juvenile pancreatic atrophy most common in and inherited as

A
  • young (6-12 month) german shepherd and rough-coated collies
  • inherited as autosomal recessive trait
38
Q

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) most successfully treated by

A
  • supplementation with pancreatic enzymes
39
Q

T/F: metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma is common

A
  • true - often diagnosed later with poor prognosis
40
Q

pancreatic nodular hyperplasia in dogs and cats significance

A
  • incidental finding

- often no clinical significance

41
Q

pancreatic adenoma only described in what species

A
  • cats

Pathology I (42 decks)

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