P35 - Alimentary Part 4

Question 1

which part of the normal intestine has a short lifespan and high turnover rate

Answer 1

• crypt epithelial cells

Question 2

which part of the normal intestine has receptors for IgA and IgM

Answer 2

• crypt epithelial cells

Question 3

what part of the normal intestine secretes mucus

Answer 3

• goblet cells

Question 4

neoplasms arising from enteroendocrine cells are termed

Answer 4

• intestinal carcinoid (rare tumor)

Question 5

what is the largest lymphoid organ in the body

Answer 5

• gut

Question 6

microfold (M) cells cover

Answer 6

• gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Question 7

microfold (M) cells function

Answer 7

• transfer of proteins and antigens from gut lumen to dendritic cells in GALT

Question 8

what can happen as a result of bacteria and viruses passing through the M cells

Answer 8

• peyers patch necrosis

Question 9

atresia

Answer 9

• abnormal embryonic development resulting in lack of an intestinal segment and abnormal closure of lumen

Question 10

atresia ani

Answer 10

• failure of development of anus

Question 11

atresia coli

Answer 11

• failure of development of colon

Question 12

persistent Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 12

• remnant of omphalomesenteric duct - vitelline duct (blind sac)

Question 13

aganglionosis

Answer 13

• lack of nerve ganglion

Question 14

congenital aganglionic megacolon common in and also known as

Answer 14

• white paint foals

- Overo lethal white syndrome

Question 15

which nerve plexus has a lack of formation resulting in megacolom

Answer 15

• myenteric plexus

Question 16

3 main types of intestinal obstruction

Answer 16

• intraluminal
• intramural
• extramural

Question 17

intraluminal is obstruction

Answer 17

• within the lumen

Question 18

enteroliths are an intraluminal obstruction of what and occurs in what animal

Answer 18

• composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate salts (struvite)

- arabian horses have increase incidences

Question 19

intramural is obstruction

Answer 19

• within intestinal wall

Question 20

extramural is obstruction

Answer 20

• outside the intestinal wall

Question 21

how do pedunculated lipomas cause extramural obstruction

Answer 21

• larger lipomas have stalk that can twist around and entrap loops of intestine resulting in intestinal infraction, necrosis and severe colic

Question 22

what 3 things can cause incarceration and strangulation intestinal displacement in the horse

Answer 22

• epiploic foramen entrapment
• mesenteric tears
• pedunculated lipomas

Question 23

volvulus is twisting of intestine on its _____ axis

Answer 23

• mesenteric

Question 24

torsion is rotation of tubular organ along its ____ axis

Answer 24

• long

Question 25

volvulus and torsion is most common in what species

Answer 25

• horses due to long root of mesentery

Question 26

renosplenic entrapment is displacement of

Answer 26

• left dorsal or left ventral colon dorsally and to the left

Question 27

right dorsal displacement is of the

Answer 27

• left dorsal and ventral colon to the right of the cecum

Question 28

intussusception

Answer 28

• invagination of one intestinal segment into adjacent segments

Question 29

antemortem intussusception can differ from postmortem intussusception how

Answer 29

• antemortem - difficult to reduce with severe congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis

Question 30

ileus is functional obstruction due to

Answer 30

• hypomotility

Question 31

dysautonomia (grass sickness) is a specific type of ____ that can lead to ____

Answer 31

• ileus

- colic in the horse

Question 32

what suspected toxin causes dysautonomia (grass sickness) in the horse

Answer 32

• clostridium botulinum type C

Question 33

predisposed obstruction places in the horse GI (3)

Answer 33

• ileocecal valve
• pelvic flexure
• right dorsal colon to transverse colon

Question 34

3 types of colic in the horse

Answer 34

• non-strangulating
• strangulating
• inflammatory

Question 35

most commonly reported cause of protein-losing enteropathy in dogs

Answer 35

• lymphangiectasia (lacteal dilation)

Question 36

congenital lymphangiectasia common in what breeds

Answer 36

• yorkies, rottweilers, norwegian lundehunds

- developmental disorder of lymphatic vessels

Question 37

acquired lymphangiectasia is secondary to

Answer 37

• lymph obstruction caused by inflammatory or neoplastic disease