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NUTR 315 > The Rest of the Vitamins, etc. > Flashcards

The Rest of the Vitamins, etc. Flashcards

1
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

free radicals from normal oxidative reactions or from pollutants

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2
Q

T/F: antioxidants are more easily oxidized

A

true

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3
Q

What are antioxidant defenses?

A

superoxide dismulase, gluthahione peroxidase, catalase, vitamin E, various carotenoids, vitamin C, bilirubin, uric acid, ubiquinone, lipoic acid, metal-binding proteins

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4
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

antioxidant

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5
Q

how is vitamin E absorbed?

A

with other lipids; transported on chylomicron but exchanged with other lipoprotins and then picked up in the liver from the chylomicron remnants for metabolism

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6
Q

Where is vitamin E stored?

A

in adipose tissue

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7
Q

how is vitamin E excreted?

A

most via bile that exits the body in the feces

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8
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin E?

A

15 mg/d of alpha-tocopherol

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9
Q

What is the RDA dependent on for vitamin E?

A

intake of PUFA

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10
Q

What is the UL for vitamin E?

A

1000 mg/d supplement only

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11
Q

What does vitamin E deficiency cause?

A

neurological disorders, hemolytic anemia, retinopathy, platelet and lymphocyte malfuntction

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12
Q

who is at risk for vitamin E deficiency?

A

observed only in infants or young children with fat malabsorption and smokers

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13
Q

What is the UL for vitamin E?

A

1000 mg alpha-tocopherol

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14
Q

What is the vitamin K function?

A

blood coagulation

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15
Q

how is vitamin K absorbed?

A

with lipids on chylomicron

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16
Q

where is vitamin K stored?

A

in the liver

17
Q

What is the AI for vitamin K?

A

120 micrograms/d for men and 90 micrograms/d for women

18
Q

what are sources of vitamin K?

A

green leafy vegetables best

19
Q

what is a symptom of vitamin K deficiency?

A

prolonged clotting time

20
Q

what is caused from vitamin K toxicity

A

menadione (hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia)

21
Q

how is pantothenic acid absorbed?

A

probably by diffusion and is converted to (CoA) coenzyme A and ACP (acyl carrier protein)

22
Q

What is the function of CoA?

A

important coenzyme in many reaction in intermediary metabolism

23
Q

What is the function of ACP?

A

fatty acid carrier in chain elongation, etc.

24
Q

What is the AI for pantothenic acid?

A

5 mg/d

25
Q

What are food sources for pantothenic acid?

A

all foods contain some, best is liver/eggs/yeast/salmon, and good is mushrooms/cauliflower/peanuts

26
Q

What are symptoms if you experimentally cause pantothenic acid deficiency?

A

insomnia, fatigue, irritability, numbness, muscle cramps

NUTR 315 (22 decks)

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