Chapter 9

Question 1

the use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product

Answer 1

biotechnology

Question 2

the insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins

Answer 2

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology

Question 3

self-replicating DNA molecule used to transport foreign DNA into a cell

Answer 3

vector

Question 4

what can we use as a vector?

Answer 4

plasmid or viral genome

Question 5

exist in several different species and can

move cloned sequences among various organisms

Answer 5

shuttle vectors

Question 6

2 things you want about a vector:

Answer 6

1. want it to be small; easier to be moved around

2. want it to be circular for protection

Question 7

population of genetically identical cells arising from one cell; each carries the vector

Answer 7

clone

Question 8

selecting for a naturally occurring microbe that produces a desired product

Answer 8

selection

Question 9

Mutagens cause mutations that might result in a microbe with a desirable trait

Answer 9

mutation

Question 10

a targeted and specific change in a gene

Answer 10

site-directed mutagenesis

Question 11

a targeted and specific change in a gene

Answer 11

site-directed mutagenesis

Question 12

selection of soil bacteria that produce antibiotics (2,000 different strains)

Answer 12

selection

Question 13

exposing penicillin-producing fungi to radiation

Increased production by 1000x

Answer 13

mutation

Question 14

reduce the amount of mutagen screening

Answer 14

site-directed mutagenesis

Question 15

how can bacteria protect it’s DNA? (restriction enzyme)

Answer 15

by adding methyl groups to some cytosine

Question 16

cuts specific sequences of DNA

Answer 16

restriction enzymes

Question 17

destroys bacteriophage DNA in bacterial cells; defense mechanism

Answer 17

restriction enzyme

Question 18

cuts both strands of DNA in same place

Answer 18

blunt ends

Question 19

makes staggered cuts • Most useful w/ rDNA

Answer 19

sticky ends

Question 20

makes staggered cuts

Answer 20

sticky ends

Question 21

Most useful w/ rDNA!!!!!

Answer 21

sticky ends

Question 22

Most useful w/ rDNA!!!!!

Answer 22

sticky ends

Question 23

why do we do PCR?

Answer 23

little bit of DNA and want to do some kind of DNA analysis and replicating it over and over oil we have enough to perform tests on it

Question 24

what does PCR stand for?

Answer 24

polymerase chain reaction

Question 25

Process of increasing small quantities (amplifying) of DNA for analysis

Answer 25

PCR

Question 26

Used for diagnostic tests for genetic diseases and detecting pathogens

Answer 26

PCR

Question 27

PCR where DNA is tagged with fluorescent dye

Answer 27

Quantitative PCR (qPCR)

Question 28

PCR where mRNA as template to make DNA

Answer 28

reverse-transcription PCR

Question 29

how can DNA be inserted into the cell by?

Answer 29

1. transformation
2. electroporation
3. protoplast fusion

Question 30

cells take up DNA from the surrounding environment

Answer 30

transformation

Question 31

counts living and dead cells

Answer 31

Quantitative PCR (qPCR)

Question 32

cells that are not competent during transformation

Answer 32

E. coli, yeast, mammal cells

Question 33

***what do we use to make e.coli, yeast, mammals competent?`

Answer 33

CaCl2 & heat shock

Question 34

How can DNA be inserted into cell by?

Answer 34

Gene gun & microinjection

Question 35

DNA insertion used for plants

Answer 35

gene gun

Question 36

DNA insertion used for animal cells

Answer 36

microinjection

Question 37

collection of clones containing different DNA fragments

Answer 37

genomic libraries

Question 38

what happens with genomic libraries?

Answer 38

an organism’s DNA is digested and spliced into plasmid or phage vectors

Question 39

how much percent can we culture bacteria?

Answer 39

1%