69-Engines / Thrust Levers (12)

Question 1

What controls the engines in all operating regimes?

Answer 1

• FADECs (Full Authority Digital Engine Controls)

Question 2

What is the power source for the FADEC?

Answer 2

• The system has its own alternator making it independent of the aircraft electrical system when N2 is above10%
• If this alternator fails, the FADEC automatically switches to aircraft electrical power

Question 3

The FADEC detects a fault during automatic start. What crew intervention is required?

Answer 3

• There is no crew intervention necessary. The FADEC will discontinue the start, dry crank to clear the fuel from the engine, and attempt a restart (if warranted) automatically.

Question 4

How many igniters fire during a normal automatic ground start sequence?

Answer 4

• One igniter with the other serving as a backup
• The FADEC automatically alternates the igniters (A or B) at each start

Question 5

How many igniters fire on manual or in-flight starts?

Answer 5

• Two, both A and B

Question 6

On the ground, how can the A/THR be armed?

Answer 6

• By setting the thrust levers in the TOGA or FLEX gate (with a FLEX temperature inserted in the MCDU)
• At least one FD must be ON for A/THR to arm during takeoff

Question 7

What is the active range of the A/THR?

Answer 7

• Just above IDLE to the CL detent (2 engines)
• Just above IDLE to the MCT detent (1 engine)

Question 8

What determines the maximum thrust the A/THR system will be able to command?

Answer 8

• The thrust lever angle

Question 9

What are three ways to disconnect the A/THR?

Answer 9

• A/THR pushbutton
• Instinctive disconnect pushbuttons
• Thrust levers to IDLE

Question 10

What is the proper method of disconnecting A/THR?

Answer 10

• Set the thrust lever angle to the existing EPR and push the instinctive disconnect pushbuttons

Question 11

How would the A/THR be disconnected for the remainder of the flight?

Answer 11

• Press & hold the instinctive disconnect pushbutton for 15 seconds.
  *A/THR cannot be re-engaged and,
  *ALPHA FLOOR is lost for remainder of flight

Question 12

What happens to thrust and what annunciates on the FMA during ALPHA FLOOR?

Answer 12

• Thrust – TOGA
• FMA – “A.FLOOR”

Question 13

When does the aircraft leave ALPHA FLOOR and what is the autothrust behavior?

Answer 13

• Upon reaching a lower angle of attack:
• Aircraft with Reversible Alpha Floor (FMS 2 Release 2):
  
  • If the A/THR was active before ALPHA FLOOR mode
    engagement, the thrust reverts to the A/THR mode which
    corresponds to the current AP/FD.
  • If the A/THR was not active before ALPHA FLOOR mode
    engagement, the thrust reverts to manual thrust. The level of thrust is set in accordance with the position of the thrust
    levers.
• All other aircraft:
  
  • The FMA displays “TOGA LK” with a flashing amber box
  • The TOGA thrust is frozen

Question 14

What should the pilot do to get out of TOGA LOCK?

Answer 14

• Push the instinctive disconnect pushbuttons and move the THRUST LEVERS to the CL or TOGA detent, if not already that position
• Afterwards re-engage the auto-thrust

Question 15

When will ALPHA FLOOR activate?

Answer 15

• When the aircraft AOA goes beyond the ALPHA FLOOR threshold
• It is predictive and considers the aircraft rate of deceleration and can be activated at any speed.

Question 16

When would Thrust Lock occur?

Answer 16

• Thrust levers in CL detent and A/THR pushbutton on the FCU is pushed, or
• A/THR disconnects due to a failure

Question 17

How is A/THR normally armed?

Answer 17

• By advancing the thrust levers to TOGA or FLX

Question 18

What would be the normal FMA indications during a takeoff roll using FLEX thrust on a RWY with a localizer?

Answer 18

• MAN FLX, SRS, RWY, A/THR (blue)

Question 19

What would the FMA indications be during a takeoff roll using TOGA thrust on a runway without a localizer?

Answer 19

• MAN TOGA, SRS, A/THR (blue)

Question 20

What would the FMA indications be during takeoff roll if the A/THR didn’t arm on a runway with a localizer? Should the takeoff be aborted?

Answer 20

• SRS, RWY
• Continuing the takeoff is a safe option, but the thrust levers must be moved to the climb detent at thrust reduction altitude and the crew must manually engage A/THR.

Question 21

How should A/THR be turned off?

Answer 21

*First, match the blue thrust lever angle indicators to the present thrust setting on the EWD and,

*Then push the instinctive disconnect pushbuttons or move THRUST LEVERS to IDLE.

Question 22

What should the pilot do to get out of THRUST LOCK on aircraft without FMS2 installed?

Answer 22

• Move the thrust levers out of the climb detent

Question 23

What controls the engine LP fuel valves?

Answer 23

• Engine MASTER switch
• ENGINE FIRE pushbutton

Question 24

What does a FAULT light on the ENG panel indicate?

Answer 24

• The position of the HP fuel shut off valve is abnormal, or
• Auto abort of the engine start sequence, or
• There is a malfunction of the thrust control.

Question 25

When should we perform a TOGA takeoff?

Answer 25

* Flex temp within 10⁰ of OAT * Contaminated runway * Medium or High Windshear Risk Factors exist * When requested by Maintenance * When directed to by Aerodata takeoff performance or the departure procedure. * When directed by the MEL

Question 26

When does continuous ignition automatically operate on PW1100G engines?

Answer 26

- Engine flame out detected - Surge detected - Thrust control malfunction detected - Ignition delay during start

Question 27

When does continuous ignition automatically operate on IAE V2500 engines?

Answer 27

- Engine anti-ice PB switch pushed ON - Max TO thrust selected (EPR or Rated N1 mode) - Flex TO thrust selected (EPR mode) - EIU data failed (ignition and/or bleed config data) - Approach idle selected - Inflight unscheduled sub idle or surge - Master lever cycled from ON to OFF then back to ON position

Question 28

What is the required engine warm up time?

Answer 28

* Engine has been off < 2hrs = 3 Mins * Engine has been off > 2hrs = 5 Mins

Question 29

What is the required engine cool down time after landing?

Answer 29

* 3 mins for all aircraft & engines

Question 30

What does the green cooling indication mean on the E/WD for NEO Aircraft?

Answer 30

* It’s displayed when an auto dry crank is required to cool the engines before engine start.

Question 31

If icing conditions exist on the ground, how is the Engine Run-up procedure different for NEO and non-NEO aircraft?

Answer 31

* IAE = Accelerate to Minimum of 50% N1 at intervals not more than 15 minutes apart * NEO = Accelerate to Minimum of 60% N1 [min 30 sec] at intervals of 30 minutes if OAT =< +3⁰ C

Question 32

If during start, the ground crew reports a fuel leak from the engine, what should be done by the flight crew?

Answer 32

* If PW1100, abort engine start * Call for Maintenance

Question 33

How is Approach Idle different on NEO vs IAE aircraft?

Answer 33

* On IAE, Minimum Approach Idle Speed occurs when the aircraft is in flight and the flaps are extended (flap lever not at 0 position) * On NEO, Minimum Approach Idle Speed occurs when the aircraft is in flight and the flaps are at CONF 3 or FULL or when the landing gear is down.

Question 34

On A321 - if one engine is inoperative, it is not permitted to use the autopilot to perform NPAs in the which modes?

Answer 34

FINAL APP, NAV - V/S, NAV - FPA Only FD use is permitted

Question 35

If a decision is made to make an engine-out emergency CAT II or III fail passive Autoland, what conditions does the limitations section provide for the A320 CEO?

Answer 35

CAT II and CAT III fail passive autoland are only approved in configuration FULL, and if engine-out procedures are completed before reaching 1,000 ft in approach.

Question 36

When considering wind limitations for an Autoland, would the wind limit be provided by ATC surface winds or the ND?

Answer 36

* Wind limitation is based on the surface wind reported by ATC. If the wind displayed on the ND exceeds the autoland limitations, but the tower reports surface wind within the limitations, then the autopilot can remain engaged. If the tower reports a surface wind that exceeds the limitations, only CAT I automatic approach without autoland can be performed.