7- animal nuitrition

Question 1

balanced diet

Answer 1

A diet that contains all the nutrients in correct amounts & proportions to make energy.

Question 2

Kwashiorkor disease

Answer 2

• lack of protein

- underweight kids that look fat due to too much carbohydrates

Question 3

marasmus

Answer 3

• lack of protein and carbohydrates

- underweight and skinny

Question 4

ingesion

Answer 4

taking of substances as food & drink into the body through mouth.

Question 5

mechanical digestion

Answer 5

breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical changes to food.

Question 6

chemical digestion

Answer 6

breakdown of large insoluble food into small soluble molecules to be absorbed.

Question 7

absorbtion

Answer 7

movement of small molecules of food & ions through the intestinal wall into blood.

Question 8

assimilation

Answer 8

movement of digested food molecules into the cells to be used.

Question 9

egestion

Answer 9

passing out of undigested & unabsorbed food through anus.

Question 10

diarrhea

Answer 10

loss of watery feces, when not enough water is absorbed from the feces.

Question 11

treatment of diarrhea

Answer 11

Oral rehydration therapy by giving drink contains water, salts & sugar.

Question 12

mouth

Answer 12

ingestion, mechanical digestion (teeth), chemical digestion (amyalse in saliva)

Question 13

salivary glands

Answer 13

make saliva to dissolve & chew food. It contains

amylase to digest starch into maltose.

Question 14

esophagus

Answer 14

Muscular tube, takes food down to the stomach by peristalsis.
It has piece of cartilage [epiglottis] to stop food from going to lungs.

Question 15

digest & store food.

Answer 15

• digest & store food.
• contract & relax to mix food with enzymes to make [chyme].
• goblet cells that secrete mucus.
• produce protease enzymes [pepsin] to digest proteins in acidic conditions.
• HCl, to give optimum pH for the enzyme & to kill bacteria in the food by denaturing their enzymes.

Question 16

parts of small intestines

Answer 16

duodenum and iluem

Question 17

molecules digested in small intestines

Answer 17

• starch (amylase)
• protein (alkali protease- tripsin)
• fats (lipase)

Question 18

pancreatic juice

Answer 18

contains enzymes, flows from pancreas to duodenum, neutralize acidic chime from stomach

Question 19

bile juice

Answer 19

no enzymes, made in liver, neutralizes acidic chime for the enzymes, helps emulsification of fat
-yellow pigment from dead RBC

Question 20

emulsification

Answer 20

mechanical digestion of fat by breaking up large fats into smaller ones to increase surface area

Question 21

enzymes in the villi pf the inner walls of the small intestines

Answer 21

• Maltase to break down maltose to glucose.
• Protease to finish breaking down any proteins to amino acids.
• Lipase to finish lipids digestion.

Question 22

how is the absorption through intestinal walls to blood happen

Answer 22

active transport, diffusion

Question 23

adaptive features if small intestines

Answer 23

• long, give time to complete digestion & absorption.
• villi, provide large surface area for faster absorption.
• Villi blood capillaries, simple molecules pass into blood & liver.
• Villi contain lacteals, absorb fats.
• Villi are one cell thick, digested food can pass easily to blood capillaries.

Question 24

large intestine

Answer 24

colon and rectum
absorbs water & salts from the undigested food before it
passes to the rectum & then out through anus.

Question 25

teeth

Answer 25

They are used to bite off, chop, grind food into small pieces [mechanical digestion].

Question 26

tooth structure

Answer 26

enamel, dentine, pulp cavity, cement

Question 27

enamel

Answer 27

hard substance, but can dissolve by acids.

Question 28

dentine

Answer 28

hard, but not as hard as enamel. It contains cytoplasm.

Question 29

pulp cavity

Answer 29

contains nerves & blood vessels. They supply the | cytoplasm with food & oxygen.

Question 30

cement

Answer 30

covers the root.

Question 31

types of human teeth

Answer 31

incisors, canines, molars and premolars.

Question 32

proper care for healthy teeth

Answer 32

1. Don’t eat too much sugar. 2. Use fluoride toothpaste regularly when you brush your teeth to resist the decay. 3. Visit the dentist regularly.

Question 33

cause of tooth decay

Answer 33

bacteria making plaque, respiring to produce acid which dissolves the enamel then dentine, spread if infection in the nerves of the pulp cavity causes severe pain