1.2.1 States of Matter

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

• can be categorized in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas
• A solid is a substance with a fixed volume and shape.
• A liquid is a substance with a fixed volume, but not a fixed shape.
• A gas has no fixed volume or shape.

Question 2

mixtures

Answer 2

• Mixtures are made of more than one component.
• Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout. Examples of homogeneous mixtures include cranberry juice (sugars, vitamin C, water, etc.), beer (carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, water), and bar salt (sodium chloride and yellow prussiate of soda).
• Heterogeneous mixtures are composed of distinguishable components. An example of a heterogeneous mixture is a granola bar.

Question 3

pure substances

Answer 3

• Pure substances are made of only one component. All pure substances are either elements or compounds.
• Elements are composed of only one type of atom. Copper and oxygen are examples of elements.
• Compounds are composed of atoms connected by
  chemical bonds. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and water (H2O) are examples of compounds.

Question 4

When you squeeze an inflated balloon, you change both the volume and the shape. Which choice gives the correct phase of the contents in the balloon and also explains why the matter is categorized in that phase?

Answer 4

• gas; the volume and shape are variable

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of a liquid?

Answer 5

• fixed volume and variable shape (that depends on the container)

Question 6

Calcium carbonate is a compound that can decompose into carbon dioxide and calcium oxide. Carbon dioxide, in turn, is made up of the elements carbon and oxygen. What needs to happen to a compound in order for it to be broken down into either elements or simpler compounds?

Answer 6

• The compound needs to undergo a chemical reaction

- A compound can only be reduced to elements or simpler compounds by a chemical reaction.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a mixture?

Answer 7

• oxygen gas

Question 8

Which of the following is not a pure substance?

Answer 8

• blood

Question 9

Which of the following describes the characteristics of matter in the gas phase?

Answer 9

• The volume and the shape are not fixed.

Question 10

What distinguishes a mixture from a pure substance?

Answer 10

• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are physically separable, and a pure substance is not physically separable.

Question 11

Which one of the following is not a solid at room temperature?

Answer 11

• air

Question 12

Carbon dioxide bubbles can be found in many drinks, including sodas, some mineral waters, and beer. Which two phases of matter are present in drinks that contain carbon dioxide?

Answer 12

• gas and liquid

Question 13

Chemists categorize matter into three different phases or states. Which of the following is not a general phase or state of matter?

Answer 13

• solution