Chapter 8 Test

Question 1

The Stern-Gerlach experiment, showing two different electron spins, was first carried out using silver atoms ( [Kr] 4d105s1 ). The experiment will work with other elements, but only certain ones. Which of the following elements would demonstrate the effect seen in the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Answer 1

potassium

Question 2

The graph shows the result of an photoelectron spectroscopy experiment for neon. The graph plots numbers of electrons ejected against their excess kinetic energy. Which part of this graph would give us information about the ionization energy for this element assuming you know the energy of the photon used?

Answer 2

The location of the right-hand peak.

Question 3

How does the size of the cation compare to its corresponding atom?

Answer 3

The cation is smaller.

Question 4

Within a period, what happens to the size of an atom as the atomic mass increases?

Answer 4

The atom gets smaller.

Question 5

Why is it difficult to measure the size of an atom?

Answer 5

The outer edge of an atom is difficult to determine.

Question 6

Indium (a metal that in its pure form emits a high-pitched “scream” when bent) comes immediately after cadmium ( [Kr] 4d105s2 ) on the periodic table. What is the electron configuration for indium

Answer 6

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1

Question 7

An ion has the electron configuration 1s22s22p6 and a double negative charge. What element is it?

Answer 7

O

Question 8

What forces need to be considered in determining where an electron might be in an atom?

Answer 8

The potential energy, the kinetic energy and the repulsion of like-charged particles

Question 9

What is an effective nuclear charge?

Answer 9

The charge experienced by electrons in outer energy levels through electron shielding

Question 10

Which of the following would have the most negative energy?

Answer 10

An electron that is in a 2s orbital

Question 11

There are no known compounds of neon, a noble gas. Which of the following is the best explanation of the inert nature of neon?

Answer 11

It is both harder to add an electron to and remove an electron from neon, thus no compounds readily form.

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the aufbau principle?

Answer 12

Electrons filling up existing orbitals in an expected arrangement

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics is most alike in elements that have similar chemical properties?

Answer 13

Valence electron configuration

Question 14

What is the most common oxidation state for alkaline earth metals?

Answer 14

+2

Question 15

Which of the following best defines isoelectronic?

Answer 15

having the same number of electrons

Question 16

Which of the follow explains why there is a difference in first ionization energy between nitrogen and oxygen?

Answer 16

Nitrogen has a more stable electron configuration

Question 17

Which of the following is used to describe the ionization energy for hydrogen?

Answer 17

Schrödinger equation

Question 18

How does the size of an atom when it accepts an electron compare to the size of its ion?

Answer 18

The ion is larger in size than its parent neutral atom.

Question 19

What is electron affinity?

Answer 19

The energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron.

Question 20

How do electrons react to other electrons?

Answer 20

They are repelled by each other.

Question 21

Which of the following periodic trends cannot be directly measured?

Answer 21

Electronegativity

Question 22

Electronegativity describes the ability of an atom to attract additional electron density to itself. Electronegativity would not help predict:

Answer 22

Solubility of a substance in water.

Question 23

Which of the following pairs of metals and nonmetals would combine in a 1:1 ratio in a chemical reaction?

Answer 23

Rubidium and Iodine

Question 24

Using what you know about the periodic table and the properties of elements, determine which of the following compounds will not exist.

Answer 24

NaCl2

Question 25

Metals are generally involved in the formation of which of the following?

Answer 25

Cations