1.2.4 Properties of Matter

Question 1

properties of matter

Answer 1

• Properties of matter can be divided into quantitative versus qualitative, chemical versus physical, and intensive versus extensive.
• Quantitative properties (such as mass or volume) are
  described in terms of a number with units. Qualitative
  properties (such as color or odor) do not include a number.
• Chemical properties describe how a substance will react chemically. Physical properties can be observed or measured.

Question 2

intensive and extensive properties

Answer 2

• Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of a substance. For example, the boiling point of a small pot of water is the same as the boiling point of a large pot of water. Intensive properties can be used to identify substances.
• Extensive properties depend on the amount of a substance. For example, the mass of one “stuff model” is not the same as the mass of three “stuff models”.
• Density is an intensive property, but is made up of two
  extensive properties (mass and volume). Since the density of a substance does not depend on how much of that substance is present, density can be used to distinguish between different substances.

Question 3

physical and chemical changes

Answer 3

• Physical changes do not alter the composition of a substance. For example, even if a candle is melted, it is still made of wax.
• Chemical changes alter the composition of a substance. For example, if a candle is burnt, the wax changes into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 4

A physical property, such as mass or volume, that depends on the amount of matter, is called

Answer 4

• an extensive property

Question 5

Suppose that a man complains of feeling feverish. He says that he has an aching sensation in his joints and that he thinks he has a fever. He then uses a thermometer to find that he has a temperature of 101°F. The man’s descriptions of his condition are examples of what type(s) of measurement(s)?

Answer 5

• quantitative and qualitative measurement

Question 6

What is the general term for a factor that you can measure about matter that does not require a change of composition?

Answer 6

• physical property

Question 7

The odor of a solution is an example of what type of measurement?

Answer 7

• qualitative

Question 8

Table salt, or sodium chloride, melts at 801°C and boils at 1413°C. When table salt is melted and then boiled, what type of change(s) occur(s)?

Answer 8

• physical change only

Question 9

A qualitative measurement (as opposed to a quantitative measurement) is an analysis that yields descriptive, nonnumeric results. Which of the following is not a qualitative measurement?

Answer 9

• mass

Question 10

Which of the following is an extensive physical property?

Answer 10

• mass

Question 11

True or false?
Since mass and volume are extensive properties, and density is the ratio of mass to volume, density is also an extensive property.

Answer 11

• false

Question 12

Color, hardness, solubility, mass, density, volume, and melting point are all examples of what type of property of substances?

Answer 12

• physical
• These properties are physical properties, because they can be measured without changing the composition of a substance.

Question 13

The melting point of the metal gallium is 30°C. Normal body temperature is about 37°C. When a person holds a piece of gallium, it tends to melt. This is an example of what type of change?

Answer 13

• a physical change